Problematic Marriage in Much Ado About Nothing Essay example -- Much A

Examining Marriage in Much Ado Concerning Nothing   Much Ado About Nothing raises numerous significant issues concerning the establishment of marriage. Maybe Shakespeare's motivation recorded as a hard copy this play was to scrutinize the current way to deal with connections and marriage. Shakespeare uncovers the issues of the procedure through the characters of Hero and Claudio and furthermore Hero's dad, Leonato. Shakespeare additionally might be recommending an elective way to deal with marriage and connections through the characters of Beatrice and Benedick.   â â â â  Shakespeare does this through the characters of Hero and Claudio. Claudio out of nowhere turns out to be enchanted with Hero while coming back from the war. Or maybe we should state that he has gotten very fascinated with her cash. What's more, indications it clearly to different characters in the book by making statements like, Hath Leonato any child, my lord?(1.1.262).â Who, in spite of the fact that these characters realize he needs her for her cash, which is seen by Benedick saying, would you get her that you enquire after/her?(1.1.159-60) and Pedro saying, That she is commendable, I know(1.1.204) never really stop the up and coming association. Truth be told, they empower it in light of the fact that right now, it isn't at all strange for a man to wed a lady for her cash. Actually, it was generally practiced.â Shakespeare utilizes lines, for example, these to point out the prerequisites a man of honor has when searching for a spouse. He tosses these sort o f lines in to make the crowd mindful either subliminally or deliberately so that perhaps they will address whether two individuals ought to be hitched based on how much the lady of the hour is worth. Pedro charms Hero for Claudio and no doubt she would have one as similarly just as the... ...glorious employment of attempting to open the crowd's eyes to the issues in the establishment of marriage. He has done it a way that the crowd can't leave the play with intentionally or subliminally scrutinizing the things with which they were simply introduced. Maybe Shakespeare trusted these inquiries would prompt further consideration on the issues of marriage and it's present shows.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Works Cited and Consulted:  Lewalski, B. K. Love, Appearance and Reality: Much Ado About Something Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 8 (1968): 235-251.  Rossiter, A.P. Much Ado About Nothing.â William Shakespeare Comedies and Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.  Shakespeare, William;â Much Ado About Nothing;â Washington Square Press;â New York, NY; New Folger Edition May 1995

One Hundred Years of Solitude Essay Example

One Hundred Years of Solitude Paper Isolation, regardless of whether it be seen or genuine, individual or aggregate, physical or enthusiastic, sentences a race to implosion. Time, redundancy, otherworldly authenticity, verifiable equal, amusingness, and destiny are generally components that add with the impacts of e family adventure reflected through the Buendia family. The Buendia familys inclination towards implosion and isolation is featured by the patterns of self-caused decimation and down and out in the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude. One Hundred Years of Solitude traverses six ages, and in every age the men of the Buendia line are named Jose Arcardio or Aureliano, and the ladies are named Ursula, Amarata,or Remedio.It is the historical backdrop of the disengaged town of Macondo, focu ng on the lives of the most noticeable occupants of the town, the Buendia family.Each Buendia has singular characteristics and traits that different him from the others.Every individual is a puzzler to every other person. One H undred Years of Solitude is an a story where the past, present, and future converge into one. The tale of a family, as contradict to an individual, and their defeat result a whole ages downfall.A authentic cycle is survived a generat n of characters.Time is resembled with Latin America, particularly Colombia, a nation whose twentieth century history has been ruled by common wars that are foundation for everything that Marquez writes.A time were a nations obliteration was brought its own special people.(Harras, 149) Magic authenticity is the strategy of changing the fabulous into reality.A scholarly structure in which odd creepy, and illusory stories are connected as though occasions were regular place.(Bloom, 6) Magic authenticity is depicted through One Hundred Years of Solituwhile its capacity to go incredible to acceptable is demonstrated.Garcia misrepresents occasions to pick up dream. We will compose a custom article test on One Hundred Years of Solitude explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on One Hundred Years of Solitude explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on One Hundred Years of Solitude explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Kepler essays

Kepler expositions I accept that Kepler contribute request in a period of turmoil and confusion. Before Keplers hypothesis was excepted, everyone accepted that God controlled everything and earth is the focal point of the universe. Individuals at the time were extremely eccentric, they put stock in witches. They were exceptionally strict too; they didnt need to acknowledge anything other than God. I think there was mayhem since everyone was confounded. Nobody knew reality of universe and there were numerous strict wars at that point. Kepler had various perspectives on the world then others since he was a researcher and a space expert. I saw that in the play A Short History of Night Kepler referenced scarcely any occasions that things occur as indicated by points, geometry. That shows how he was altogether different from others. He didnt concur with the congregation. He was against what church said and he persuaded the others that religion wasnt everything and God doesnt get everything going. He went th rough the entirety of his time on earth to demonstrate that his hypothesis and toward the end he demonstrated that the planets rotate without anyone else on pivot. Which for all intents and purposes refuted that congregation is and that removed a portion of the forces and conviction from the congregation. This play made me understood how it was in time of confusion. I saw from start of play to end of the play there were numerous strict wars and fights. And furthermore how strict individuals were at that point. There were witch trackers and witches were gravely tormented and trackers denounced even honest young ladies and ladies and consumed them. ... <!

Gawain and Beowulf - Free Essay Example

Gawain and Beowulf are two strong and brave heroes, who by the tests they are given, prove different qualities in character. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the Green Knight challenges the knights to an exchange of blows with an axe; to which Gawain offers to accept. (Tolkien 33, lines 343-360) The speech he gives, in lines 343-360 offering to take the challenge for Arthur gives insight on his character. It shows he is chivalrous in loyalty and love to the King, brave in accepting the challenge, and humble in claiming he is the least of the knights. (33) Also, Gawain is much beloved by others, who weep for him when he leaves Camelot. (37, lines 672-685) While seeking out the Green Knight, Gawain fights many creatures, animals, and bitter cold. This part of his journey shows in his actions, that Gawain is brave and strong in enduring hardships, and that he is steadfast in God. (38, lines 720-724) Gawain also proves his pure and chaste nature when refusing the advances of the woman of the castle that he stays at. However, his honesty fails when he doesnt tell his host of the green belt he receives from the woman. (study guide, 27) When Gawain faces the Green Knight, his character is again tested. Despite showing bravery leading up to this point, when the Green Knight swings his axe at Gawain, Gawain flinches. (39, 2268) While these trials show that Gawain is less than the perfect ideal knight that would face his apparent beheading with staunch acceptance, his failures bring out another important aspect of his character. Gawain is vastly ashamed, feeling he has displayed a great act of poltroonery. He swears to wear the belt, that token of the troth-breach for the remainder of this days. ( 40, 2507-2510)Gawain falls short of the perfect, chivalrous knight. But his reaction to his failure proves that he is honest about his failures, that he is yet humble in admitting them. By wearing the belt, his character takes on more depth, proving that where he falls short, he would learn, and strive all t he more to meet the model of chivalry. Beowulf is also characterized as a heroic ideal of his time. When Beowulf heard of the monster Grendels attacks, he set out to aid the King Hrothgar. (Sullivan Murphy 7, lines 170-175) Like Gawain, a part of his character is revealed by his words. In lines 365-385 for instance, he tells of his own greatness, his strength, and feats as a warrior. (10) Unlike Gawain, he does not show a modest humility, but rather, he boasts of his deeds to gain fame and glory. (Study guide, 17) Furthermore, Beowulf proves that he is true to his word; when he fights Grendel, he remembers his promise to the king and grabs the monster tighter. Also, similarly to Gawain, Beowulf shows faith and dependence on the power of God; He stated his victory over Grendels mother would not have been had the Lord not looked after his life. (17, lines 1462-1465) And lastly, its not just Beowulf that considers himself great; his companions show admiration for him too. When he dies, for example, they mourn and praise him, calling him great among kings, mild in his mien, most gentle of men, kindest to kinfolk yet keenest for fame. (19, lines 2795-2802) Gawain and Beowulf and both great warriors; They both take a stand in a time of need, show through their actions honorable strength, a faith in God, and whose nobility brings respect from their companions. They are both proven through the tasks they set out to do. Beowulf proves he is brave, true to his word, and exhibits few shortcomings. Gawain shows a sense of duty to his lord. He is strong, and pure of heart, yet also shows dishonesty and cowardice brought on by a love of his life. While Gawain confesses his faults, Beowulf boasts his merits. However, both warriors are made similar in that they desire to live up to standards of nobility and honor.

Anti-Intellectualism and Standardized Testing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2607 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Standardized Testing Essay Did you like this example? A population in which does not think original thought is easiest to control. The government and thus, Americas education system is set up to subconsciously discourage the population from producing its own ideas. As a society that keeps higher-education in such high esteem, why dont our government leaders want the populous to contribute to the world of complex thinkers? Standardized testing is a mechanism by which the government measures our knowledge and determines how much money our public schools and educators receive, it is also the greatest contributor to anti-intellectualism in our educational system. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anti-Intellectualism and Standardized Testing" essay for you Create order I will explore decades of research as well as my own past experiences to determine why standardized testing is still in existence even though years of research has found that it has little to no positive effect on students and faculty. Standardized testing contributes to anti-intellectualism by limiting student knowledge and free thinking in order to do well on a test that does not contribute to expanding their knowledge and learning. Richard Hofstadter was a professor at Columbia University, Pulitzer Prize-winning author and is one of the most revered American historians of the twentieth century. Hofstadter believed that anti-intellectualism was being promoted in higher-education and in the workplace. Deeply rooted in the government is a desire to keep people from thinking of their own ideas. Hofstadters ideas are completely logical; anyone who takes a deeper look into how the government and subsequently, the education system, is run can see that there are many mechanisms by which they do this. Coincidentally, only those who think like intellectuals are able to notice what is happening. When discussing anti-intellectualism, you must first understand what an intellectual is. Hofstadter gives no clear definition of what anti-intellectualism is, but Hofstadter writes what he believes an intellectual is Certainly the intellectual, if he is nothing else, is one who relishes the play of the mind for its own sake, for whom it is one of the major ends of life, (Hofstadter 259). In the above quotation, Hofstadter explains what he thinks is the most defining characteristic of what an i ntellectual is. An intellectual, Hofstadter says, even after accomplishing what most people would find totally satisfying, yearns for more. It does not necessarily have to be material, it can be knowledge or understanding. Being able to grasp Hofstadters idea of anti-intellectualism, is a stepping stone to understanding the negative effect of standardized testing on students learning. To understand why modern standardized testing is dysfunctional, we must first discuss the origins of standardized tests and their functions. The first standardized tests were taken in ancient China. The tests were used to measure the knowledge of a citizen to determine if they were smart enough to become a civil servant. Because ancient China was one of the only societies that a serf could move up the hierarchy, it was used to measure serf knowledge about Confucian philosophy and poetry (Fletcher). Since then they have been introduced all over the world. At first, examiners thought it best to give students essays as to follow the Socratic method of testing, but as the number of schools and the number of students inside those schools grew, it was no longer feasible to take and read in the time given. So standardized tests were introduced in the early 1800s as a way to test and grade large numbers of students in a brief period of time. Later during World War I, standardized tests were used to determine what a soldiers job would be or if they were qualified to ?‚ ¬be a soldier at all. All of these tests were graded b y hand and needed to be done slowly to avoid mistakes which defeated the purpose of standardized testing. In 1936, the first automatic scanner was invented. The IBM 805 used electrical currents to detects marks by special writing tools (just like how a No. 2 pencil is used today) (Fletcher). This method of using computers to grade is used today in the form of Pearsons Scantron bubble sheets. The two most common standardized test used today are the ACT and SAT. Both are used as college aptitude tests. The SAT was created in 1926 by The College Board and the ACT in 1959 by Everett Franklin Lindquist (who later went on to develop the first GED test). Both originated as tests of logic but later evolved into tests of accumulated knowledge (Fletcher). These two examples of standardized tests are only the beginning, or should I say the end? Both the ACT and SAT are taken the junior year of high school. Since President George W. Bushs No Child Left Behind education reform in 2001, the number of standardized tests taken by children kindergarten through twelfth grade has increased dramatically. Most students take at least one standardized test a year. No Child Left Behind was the law that was passed to update the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. It was created to combat the growing concern about how the American educational system was no longer competitive internationally (Klein). The main goal of the law was to improve the academic p erformance of students whose first language was not English, special education students and students who are considered poor or a minority. The law requires that each student in grades three through eight be tested on their reading and math skills. The institutions must then report the scores of the tests as well as the categories the students fit into (Ex. Non-English-speaking Hispanic immigrant male or French Caucasian immigrant female) and send them to the state. The state would then decide if the students are proficient in the subject (each state chooses what they think proficient is). None of the states achieved the goal of bringing all students up to the proficiency level in 2014. In 2015, the Every Student Succeeds Act was signed. ESSAs goal is to roll back the interference of the federal government in how states run their schools. So far ESSA has not reduced the number of tests, it has only allowed states to determine what they perceive as proficient (Klein). The effect on students and faculty mentally from standardized testing is all negative. Never can I personally remember looking forward to a test. In fact, it was quite the contrary. Even now in college, I do not look forward to taking tests. If anything, I may disl ike them more. The weight applied to tests in the grade book is absurd. If a student does not do well on one test, there may not be any recovery. Even if that student completes all other assignments and receives a 100% on all of them, they will never be able to obtain an A. Once a student learns of their test score, they can potentially fall to pieces metaphorically. All they brought was stress and anxiety. According to the Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Social Issues standardized testing contributes to unhealthy levels of student stress, resulting sometimes in serious mental health problems and even suicide, (1161). Furthermore, the encyclopedia states there is also concern that emphasizing performance on standardized tests (and even grades) diminishes students motivation to learn. Rather than focusing on the value of learning, educational contexts that emphasize outcomes focus students on getting the grade or test score†emphasizing what is required to do well on the test rather than focusing on genuine learning. Lifelong learning and critical thinking are not key educational outcomes when the focus is on tests scores, (1162). Learning from a test is virtually unheard-of. Standardized tests promote the idea that facts and concepts must be memorized rather than truly learned and be able to be applied. This is a reason standardized testing promotes anti-intellectualism in sc hools. Students in grades K-12 do too many standardized tests, it takes away from learning more valuable information in the classroom If we do so many standardized tests, they must work, right? I guess they do for the reasons they are meant for. On average a student in an American public school will take one hundred thirteen standardized tests in grades K-12. That is over eight tests a year. Testing time for juniors in high school is by far the largest. While preparing for tests and taking them only takes up 1.6 percent of instructional time in third through eighth-grade classrooms, students in the eleventh grade spend 15 percent (or around 27 days) preparing and taking standardized tests. Also keep in mind these numbers do not include time spent preparing for or taking Advanced Placement, career and technical or college entrance exams (Hefling). Students who are considered to be a minority have a bias against them when taking standardized tests. The principal example of testing bias I can think of is using the English language in reading and writing tests. If a student is new to a country, they may not know the dialect or more commonly the native language. The student may be a genius but cannot express their true spectrum of knowledge due to the language barrier. In Richard Lomaxs The Journal of Negro Education, in his conclusion he states Minority students in classes are receiving less quality instruction in these content areas (math and science) and more instruction to prepare for mandated tests that fail to meet recommended standards and that are driving instructional practices, particularly among teachers of minority students. Increasing the amount of and the stak es associated with testing does not bring about improvements in the delivery of instruction, (Lomax 183) According to Lomax, Maxwell West, Harmon, Viator, and Madaus standardized testing reduces time to focus on other subjects, they encourage the dismissal of material that students are not tested on and increase the time needed to teach students how to take the test (Lomax 171). A problem I had with standardized testing is that the majority of the content on the I had not learned yet. A specific example I have from the math portion of the ACT. On the test, I had to use the properties of logarithms to find a variable x. I did not know how to do it. I had never seen an equation that used log form before. I recognized the abbreviation log from being on my calculator, but that was the extent of my knowledge. Even though I spent about 27 days preparing for this specific test I still was not taught or introduced to all the concepts that would be on the test. Not being aware of what would be on the test, despite focusing on it for 27 days is not acceptable. How do test makers think they can determine the extent of a students knowledge when they have not been taught the concepts yet? This is just another flaw in the educational system. Testing if a student has the knowledge expected of someone their grade level and not teaching them what they need to know needs to end. If they are going to test students, they need to make them fairer. Their research concluded that standardized testing has critical flaws in the area of catering to diverse student needs. Through their research, they also found that classes with a higher average number of minority students did not do as well as classes with less diversity (Lomax 171). A classroom with the least amount of diversity is obviously going to do bette r on a test that is custom tailored to their culture versus a classroom full of students that have never taken a standardized test. In Minnesota, data recently taken from the Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments (MCA) shows that scores have remained flat. The Education Department of Minnesota stated that the state may never boost the academic performance of students of color without first addressing the outside factors that hold children back in school, to this Charlie Weaver of the Star Tribune says this is a cop-out and that their statement suggests that schools are powerless to educate students who are economically disadvantaged or who face other challenges outside of school and that these students cannot be helped, (Weaver). The education system is using minority students and the possibility of their sub-par home life as an excuse for why the tests statewide have remained stagnant. Not allowing students to express the true extent of their knowledge because they are considered a minority is a tool standardized tests use to encourage anti-intellectualism. Capitalism has no place in education. While schools need to compete with each other to become the best that they can to attract students and become perceived as the best school compared to the other competing schools like a business, they cannot be run like businesses. A business main goal is to make a profit, a schools main goal should be educating students to their fullest potential. Pearson Education is a British owned education publishing and assessment service that provides the majority of the tests children in the United States take K-12. They have over 40% of the testing market, which is over triple any other companies shares (Oliver). John Oliver takes a serious situation with how Pearson dominates the textbook and test writing distribution business and jokes about it saying a hypothetical girl could take Pearson tests from kindergarten through at least eighth grade, but a test by the way that she studied for using Pearson curriculum and textbooks taught to her by teachers who were certified by their own Pearson test. If at some point she was tested for a learning disability, like ADHD, thats also a Pearson test, and if she eventually got sick of Pearson and dropped out, well, shed have to take the GED which is now, guess what, a Pearson test, (Oliver). He also jokes that the only test that they will not have a hand in is the HPV test she will take in college, but they will get on that as soon as they see the episode, (Oliver). This just illustrates how insane it is to have one company control this amount of the education our children receive. Pearson is not a good company either, their record is full of complaints including technical glitches with their online tests and textbooks and slow grading of online tests and assignments. Even the content of their tests has accumulated pages of scrutiny. A specific example would be a question that was on elementary school test in New York a few years ago about a talking pineapple. Six question were determined to be invalid because they did not any sense to the test-takers. If there are mistakes in our standardized tests, they cannot be trusted to determine our knowledge. Large companies do not belong in education because too many mistakes can be made in the test making-process. We cannot trust the education of American students if the purpose of those companies is to make a profit. Standardized testing is an anti-intellectual activity. Authoring essays and doing research projects as a replacement would be infinitely more beneficial. At least during those assessments, the students can express their knowledge through their own words and thinking instead of having a 25% chance of getting a question right on a multiple-choice test. During the course of writing an essay, research much be done; research that may open new doors for students that they would never have thought of or had the change to explore yet. A research project has even more potential than an essay. During a research project can introduce new evidence and ideas to the world, that is what being intellectual is about. The students can hypothesis and gather information in order to prove or disprove their hypothesis. It stimulates the brain and broadens the mind. Reading essays and determining a grade for a research assignment may take more time but it is time well spent if it benefits the students.

Case Study “Al Dunlap at Sunbeam” - 1020 Words

Case Study â€Å"Al Dunlap at Sunbeam† Response to Dunlap’s view of shareholder privacy I don’t agree with Dunlap’s view that shareholders are the only constituencies about which corporate directors and executives should be concerned. In light of agents’ obligations to principals, managers are supposed act in the best interest of the company’s shareholders, the major capital providers, when making decisions; however, as shareholders and stakeholders interests are to a large extent compatible, especially from a long-term perspective, managers should also take into consideration the interests of multiple constituencies when operating a company. For example, both shareholders and customers may benefit from a company’s successful research and†¦show more content†¦It was reasonable for a CEO’s compensation to increase as the company expanded and became a larger entity, and the newly-granted shares and increasing stock options further aligned the CEO’s personal interests with those of the company and shareholders. In t his sense, the second compensation package was also well-structured and not excessive. Seeing Sunbeam’s revenue rising and stock price climbing steeply upwards, Sunbeam’s shareholders and directors were fully convinced by Dunlap’s leadership, so they might perceive the increase in compensation amount necessary to retain and better motivate Dunlap to enhance the company’s value. Nonetheless, they neglected the fact that the increased portion of the equity-based compensation also further motivated the CEO’s dangerous behaviors pertaining to improper earnings management. Opinions on Sunbeam’s corporate governance From my perspective, Sunbeam’s board made a wise decision in firing Al Dunlap, and it was an example of effective corporate governance as the decision stopped Dunlap to further impair tone at the top in Sunbeam and further generate agency cost within Sunbeam. According to SEC litigation release No. 17001, during Dunlap’s tenure in Sunbeam, Dunlap was involved in applying improper earning management such as channel stuffing and â€Å"cookie jar†Show MoreRelatedThe Sunbeam Board Of Directors1488 Words   |  6 PagesThis case attempts to study and analyze the decisions of the Sunbeam Board of Directors (BOD) during Albert Dunlap’s stint as the Sunbeam’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This analysis will comprise the CEO hiring and his shareholder primacy view, first year and second year CEO compensation package review and will conclude the BOD’s decision to fire the CEO. In July, 1996 Sunbeam was a dying brand, which struggled to survive in the increasingly competitive market-place and needed a savior.(case p.Read MoreSunbeam Corporation Ethics4981 Words   |  20 PagesJournal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2010 Volume 6, Number 1 Sunbeam Corporation: A Forensic Analysis Patricia Hatfield, Ph.D., Bradley University, USA Shelly Webb, Ph. D., Xavier University, USA ABSTRACT The members of the Board of Directors at Sunbeam were completely bewildered. Al Dunlap, Sunbeam’s highly successful but controversial CEO was threatening to resign after almost two years of leading Sunbeam successfully out of a slump that had threatened the long-termRead MoreThe Sunbeam Board Of Directors1620 Words   |  7 Pagesattempts to study and analyze the decisions of the Sunbeam Board of Directors (BOD) during Albert Dunlap’s stint as the Sunbeam’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This analysis will comprise the CEO hiring and his shareholder primacy view, first year and second year CEO compensation package review and will conclude with the BOD’s decision to fire the CEO. In July, 1996 Sunbeam was a dying brand, which struggled to survive in the increasingly competitive market-place and needed a savior.(case p. 2) Sunbeam’sRead MoreFinancial Statement Frauds29904 Words   |  120 Pageshave attracted high profile attention recently. There have been several cases by businesses of what appears to be financial statement fraud, which have been undetected by the auditors. In this thesis, the main purpose is to identify some of th e reasons why auditors have not detected financial statement fraud and to suggest possible solutions for improving the audit process in these areas. In order to achieve this target, some cases of the fraudulent financial statements of revenue recognition will beRead MoreCorporate Governance : How Corporations Are Managed2041 Words   |  9 Pagespolicy will be biased (Rankin, et al., 2012). Also where directors are paid their bonuses as shares, to meet the expectation of the market and maintain the favorable share prices, managers often use biased accounting policy or distort accounting information. A case study of sunbeam is great example of misuse of accounting policy and what having dominant personality can lead to. In 1996 Al Chainsaw Dunlap undertook mass firing and started overstating losses in Sunbeams. By 1997 cookie jar reservesRead MoreArundel Partners: the Sequel Projects5474 Words   |  22 Pagesand Sustaining Competitive Advantage. †¢ Prentice Hall; 3 edition (November 7, 2006) †¢ ISBN-10: 0131470949 or ISBN-13: 978-0131470941 (available through Amazon, etc., or in the PSU bookstore under BA 495 or Mgmt 562) †¢ Cases: Should be available the week before the start of the term in a Course Pack at Smart Copy (location: 1915 SW 6th; phone: 503-227-6137) †¢ Simulation: The Business Strategy Game †¢ Course Objectives o To develop abilities forRead MoreWhats Wrong with Executive Compensation6069 Words   |  25 Pagesthe shareholders. If his compensation is not tied to the shareholders returns, everyone s playing a fool s game. Today, the dot-bomb, the telecom bust, and the corporate accounting scandals seem to have done for that logic what Chainsaw Al did for Sunbeam. The value that many superpaid CEO superstars supposedly created has largely disappeared, and the likelihood of it being recovered anytime soon seems remote. Indeed, the very profits that many of the companies reported appear to have been theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManaging Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard BusinessRead MoreTestbook Answers112756 Words   |  452 Pagesthe firm at time 0 is $260.33 and expected net income is $26.03 for year 1. Similarly, the present value of the firm at time 1 is $236.36 or $336.36 depending on state realization, and expected net income for year 2 is $23.64 or $33.64. In each case the market expects the firm to earn 10% on opening value. This 10% of opening value is accretion of discount. Copyright  © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc 14 Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual 4. Chapter 2 Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

International Orientation and Small Business

Question: Discuss about the International Orientation and Small Business. Answer: Introduction In the current competitive business scenario, every organization focuses on the international expansion of business operations because it is one of the important ways to get high growth and development. But, on the other hand, global marketing management is a crucial task for a company at the time of international expansion of the firm (Cornwell and Kwak, 2015). The current research report is based on international marketing management of a selected organization. The Study has chosen Perlis Plantations Berhad (PPB) which is one of the leading organization of retail industry of Malaysia. It engages in food production, agriculture, waste management, film distribution, property investment and development. Now, for high growth and development of the business, the company wants to expand its business operations in India which is one of the Big Emerging Markets (BEM) of the world. The current research will focus on different challenges which might be faced by PPB at the time of market entr y. Along with this, it will include description and application of Multinational Marketing Information System for marketing management of the company. Further, the research will focus on pricing and communication strategy of PPB. Including this, challenges associated with the branding process of the organization are also describing in the following paragraphs of the report. Challenges to market entry PPB focuses on international expansion and diversification of the business, and regarding this, it has decided to enter in a Big Emerging Market. India is one of the fastest growing countries which has a huge scope of growth and development. So, for increasing the profitability of the business PPB wants to enter into this market. The company wants to start its operations with flour products. India is the second largest population country, so demand of flour products is very high which encourage PPB group to expand its business in this BEM. But, at the time of expansion organization might face different challenges which can affect their business operations in the international market (Katsikeas, et.al, 2016). So, the company needs to pay attention towards these challenges. Export, Licensing, Franchising, contract manufacturing, joint venture and Equity stake or Acquisition are important ways to enter in an international market. Cost is considered as major challenge which may affect the profitability and growth and development of PPB in India. Hoppner and Griffith, 2015 has concluded that understanding foreign preferences is one of the challenging tasks for the organization and due to this reason company cannot offer competitive and attractive products to international consumers (Hoppner and Griffith, 2015). As per this statement PPB might face problem in determining needs and requirements of foreign customers. Mazanec, et.al, 2015 has asserted that Organizations may face problem in understanding international culture (Mazanec, et.al, 2015). Indian people follows different cultures as per their religions and communities so understanding these culture considered as a major problem for PPB group. If the organization will not be capable to understand these cultures than it cannot offer flour products as per the needs and requirements of customers. India and Malaysia follow different regulatory framework for commercial business. Similarly, Johanson and Mattsson, 2015 has concluded that At the time of international expansion company can face problem in understanding foreign regulations (Johanson and Mattsson, 2015). As per this findings different overseas rules leads unexpected costs which may affect the profitability of PPB. Therefore, managing cost is also one of the major challenges for the organization at the time of international expansion. As per the review of the company it has reflected that PPB group does not have lots of experiences of international extension so, managers of this company do not have global experience. Therefore, lack of knowledge of the international market is a major challenge for PPB. The Big Emerging Market might change commercial laws, financial policies and currency exchange rates, etc. These changes may have adverse impacts on organizational policies of PPB in the Indian market. On the other hand devaluation in the currency will have a direct impact on profitability and organizations revenue in the Indian market. Along with this, political and environmental challenges can affect the business operations in a negative manner (Keegan and Green, 2015). Overall, all the above-discussed challenges are considered as foremost problems for PPB at the time of starting its business in Indian Market which might have a negative impact on international marketing management of the company. Consequently, for appropriate management, the company needs to take appropriate action to overcome these challenges. Waterfall and Sprinkler strategies are significant for entering into a new foreign market. In which, waterfall approach is appropriate for those companies which want to introduce a product sequentially in different markets. But on the other hand, sprinkle strategy is appropriate for those organizations which want to launch their product in a simultaneous way in multiple markets. But, this tactic increases the requirement of resources for entering into the number of foreign markets. So, as per the above discussion PPB wants to start its business in the Indian Market only. So, waterfall approach will be best because it will help in managing different challenges also. It is an appropriate strategy because it provides appropriate time to understand the market which helps PPB in developing suitable marketing mix to satisfy the needs and requirements of Indian customers (Gomes, Barnes, and Mahmood, 2016). Along with this, waterfall approach focuses on the optimum utilization of the availab le resources so, managers of PPB can maximize the use of available resources. Including this, they can leverage their experience. Using the waterfall approach companies can take advantages of transfer of managerial and technical skills from one market to another. PPB group can outsource its skilled and experienced managers of Malaysia to India which can overcome the problem of lack of experiences. Therefore, Waterfall approach is one of the best strategy for PPB to start its business operations in the Indian market and it will play important role in managing challenges of the foreign market. But, at the time of entering in the market organization needs to focus on packaging and pricing strategy of the flour products. At present PPB offers 1kg packaging Pau, superfine and Self-rising flour to Malaysian customers. But for attracting Indian customers, PPB should start half kg packaging which will help in increasing sales in the international market (Duan, Huang, and Shou, 2015). Including this, Indian population follows traditional culture, so agriculture image on packaging will help in attracting customers. The high cost of investment is also one of the chief challenges and to overcome this problem PPB can enter into Indian Market with the indirect exporting strategy which helps in reducing investment. Along with this, in this strategy, there is no need to develop an export department, and organization can work through independent intermediaries so, sales force have enough experience to handle Indian customers which provide advantages to increase revenue of flour products for the organization. Afterward, Company can decide to handle their export department or subsidiary branch which will improve management of sales, distribution, warehouse, promotion and customer service (Lohrke, et.al, 2015). Therefore, the indirect export strategy will play important role in understanding the Indian market by which company can develop an appropriate strategy to start direct exporting or manufacturing activities. Along with this, Kotler, et.al, 2015 has concluded that Licensing, joint venture, and direct investment are appropriate ways to enter into a foreign market (Kotler, et.al, 2015). PPB Company can use licensing and joint venture which will enable company to avoid export barriers, tariffs, quotas, etc. In which, contract manufacturing is the best option, and as per this strategy PPB can develop a industrial contract with a subcontractor or local manufacturer that offer a chance to start business operations in a faster manner with less amount of risk. Overall, above discussed strategies will help PPB in managing challenges at the time of entering into Indian Market. Multinational marketing information system (MMIS) to marketing management Multinational Marketing Information system (MMIS) can define as a computer system which integrates with the other functional information system to resolve different problems relevant to management activities of the company. It includes different components such as marketing intelligence system, formal marketing research system, product, place, pricing subsystem and integrated mix subsystems, etc. It can be used by PPB for determining needs and requirements of Indian customers by which company can formulate the marketing mix and provide appropriate flour product to Indian customers (Meyer and Peng, 2016). Along with this, it is used by the organization for managing order, analysis of the market, determining price of products and developing appropriate strategies for improving marketing performance in the foreign market, etc. It is beneficial for PPB to gain a competitive advantage in the Indian market. It also provides flexibility to responding against competitors in foreign countries and markets. It helps in maintaining information of every customer and reduce the total cost of operation. MMIS develops a strong association with customers. So, all are the major benefits of MMIS and due to this PPB should use this system for managing marketing operations at international level (Richter, et.al, 2015). Factors that may influence pricing decision The price of the flour product is one of the major factors which can affect the purchase decision of Indian customers. So, PPB needs to focus on pricing decision at the time of entering in this BEM. There are numbers of external factors which may influence the pricing decisions of the organization, so PPB needs to pay attention towards these factors at the time of making the pricing decision. Major objectives of pricing decisions are to increase growth and market share of the organization and manage expenses with the immediate profits. Along with this, an appropriate return on investment is also a major objective of PPB behind the pricing decision (Bhasin, 2016). Pricing decision is one of the imperative element of the marketing mix of PPB which can be easily controlled by the organization. For effective pricing decisions organization needs to integrate this element of marketing mix with the other remaining elements of international marketing mix. This decision is based on goals and objectives of the company, characteristics of Indian customers, and level of competition and different phases of flour product life cycle. Figure 1: Factors that can influence pricing decisions of PPB in Indian market The cost of manufacturing, transportation, tariffs, handling charges and fees, market destinations, distribution strategy and marketing of flour products are major factors which may influence pricing decisions. On the other hand, PPB needs to pay attention towards different internal factors such as productivity of the manufacturing units of PPB. By the production, capacity organization can price their products and services (Sylvestre, 2010). High productivity leads low cost which can provide an opportunity to earn the profit by charging suitable price. But, in the case of low productivity organization needs to make necessary technical changes in manufacturing facilities which lead high cost. Due to this reason, PPB cannot charge the high price for their flour products. So, at the time of making pricing decisions, the organization needs to pay attention towards these internal factors also. PPB can control these internal factors, but there are number of external factors which cannot co ntrolled by this organization such as tariff charges and excise duties, etc. So, the company needs to monitor the external environment of the Indian market before making final pricing decisions. This decision is based on the cost of flour products and there are number of fiscal and monetary policies which may affect the cost of the products, and services of the organizations. Along with this, exchange rate and interest rate are also important factor which needs to be considered by PPB. Along with this, marketing is one of the major activity for attracting customers in the foreign market (Carraher and Paridon, 2015). The cost of marketing may influence the price decisions, so for reducing marketing cost, PPB needs to use social media marketing which is an appropriate communication channel with low cost. Mode of transportation may influence the total cost of the flour products so; the organization needs to include the conveyance cost at the time of pricing decisions making process. Increasing profitability of PPB is one of the major objectives behind this global expansion of the business. So organization needs to set the price by appropriate return on investment. Including this, the company needs to decide the price at a precise level that insures to generate appropriate sales revenue to cover production and marketing cost of flour product. Therefore, pricing decision should focus on cash inflow and outflow of the organization (McDonald, 2016). Therefore, all the above-discussed factors need to be considered by PPB at the time of making pricing decision in the international market. For taking pricing decisions PPB can use different pricing tactics such as skimming strategies, penetration pricing, and geographic pricing, etc. But, PPB wants to introduce flour product so the company can use penetration pricing because it will be the strategy for attracting large number of customers in Indian market. In this BEM organization will face high competition from existing food production firms (Dinnie, 2015). So, for reducing the level of competition and increasing the total sales revenue, the company needs to charge the low price at the time of starting a business. The low price will lead increment in demand of the products and services which will help in increasing the total profitability of the organization. Therefore, market penetration is one of the best pricing strategy at the time of entering into the Indian market. Integrated marketing communications strategy Morschett, Schramm-Klein and, Zones, 2015 has defined that Integrated marketing communication (IMC) can define as a strategy which helps in expansion of the traditional and modern ways to communication to convey a single message to all stakeholders of the organization (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zones, 2015). As per this statement PPB can integrate a number of promotional channels to communicate the appropriate message to all customers about the flour products of the organization. On the other hand, Rana and Sharma, 2015 has concluded that IMC is known as an approach for attaining marketing objectives of the organization by coordinating different promotional methods (Rana and Sharma, 2015). According to this, PPB can integrate different methods of marketing such as public relations, personal selling, sales promotion, digital marketing, traditional marketing and social media marketing to get maximum communication impact on stakeholders in BEM, India. But, using integrated marketing communication technique is not an easy task for PPB because there are some specific numbers of difficulties and problems which may affect the communication process of the company in the international market. For instance, Lack of knowledge and experience of marketing manager of PPB about the advertising channels is a major difficulty in international market (Sinatra, Singh and von Krogh, 2016). Due to this problem message may not reach to the target audience which can reduce the level of awareness of customers about the flour products. All these have direct negative impact of sales, market share and profitability of PPB in the international market. IMC require a proper encoding of message as per the level of sophistication of target customers of Indian market. If target audience will face problem in understanding message of PPB than it is also considered as major problem for integrated marketing management of the company. Lack of knowledge about the customers culture is the barrier for integrated communication strategy (Martin, 2015). Including this, the high requirement of effective advertising is a major difficulty for integrated communication strategy of PPB. For instance, there are some religious rules and regulations due to this reason Beer and wine manufacturers cannot advertise and sale their products in Muslim countries. Similarly, religion and culture have direct impact on communications strategy of PPB. So, for resolving all these issues organization needs to use global communication strategies (Riasi, 2015). For instance PPB should use the single message for entire globe with the different language, name, and colors. Therefore, the company can use the different language for the same message as per the needs and requirements of customers. So, PPB should use the same information which is for Malaysian customers, but the company needs to encode this message in the Hindi language because Indian customers follow the Hindi language. Along with this PPB can adapt the same theme for the entire globe but needs to pay attention towards the basic rules and regulations of the local market. For food products company can also use the celebrity marketing in which company can choose the general superstar of the Bollywood (Wagner and Eggert, 2016). It will assist in attracting customers. Including this, the company can also use digital marketing such as email marketing and social media marketing which will help in increasing customer to customer communication as well as these strategies are effective in targeting mass clients in less time. So, these are also important communication channels which can be used by PPB in IMC. Therefore, all the above-discussed strategies will help PPB in resolving differences and difficulties in integrated international marketing communication (PPB Group, 2016). Challenges in the branding process The brand is not just a sign, a name, a symbol, and a logo but an identity of the company and it is difficult for an organization to develop the brand name or reputation. It helps in earning customer loyalty which plays important role in gaining high market share in the long run. But, the number of challenges are linked with this branding process which may affect the reputation of the organization. A strong brand equality is beneficial for greater loyalty, larger margins, no changes in sales in case of changes in the price of products, etc. (Global Branding: Issues and Challenges, 2013). Packaging and labeling are important part of branding process. Inappropriate packaging and labeling may affect the brand name and reputation of the organization. So, for managing this challenge PPB needs to focus on the eco-packaging of the flour products which will help in reducing the negative effect of packaging on the environment as well as also help in the sustainable development of the organiza tion. Including this, in the case of food products organizations needs to give all information about the nutrition, serving size, etc. These labeling requirements also affect the branding process in positive and negative manner. So, PPB should follow all instruction of packaging and labelling which are preferred by the Indian government. Along with this, customers perception of the quality of new products and services of the foreign company is a major challenge for branding process of the company (Aaker, 2011). So, PPB organization needs to offer flour product to Indian customers as per their needs and requirements which will help in attracting them. Along with this, language and culture differences is also one of the major challenge which may create difficulty in translation of the brand name of PPB. So, for the new international market company needs to use the English language which is a Universal language and help Indian customers to understand the brand name of the company. Alon g with this, the understanding culture of Indian population is also one of the major challenge. Therefore, all these are known as a major challenge for branding process of PPB (Baker and Saren, 2016). For overcoming all the above-discussed challenges and making a strong brand image in the Indian market, PPB should use appropriate branding strategies. For developing a good brand image, PPB needs to make consistency in quality and performance in the international market. Along with this as per the changes in the clients taste and level of competition organization should pay attention towards the innovative practices with strong customer relations. This strategy will help in creating brand loyalty in customers eye. Emotional appeal is also one of the major ways to communicate the brand message to consumers. Regarding this, PPB can sue different communication channels such as television, newspapers, the internet, social media and magazines, etc. Including this, Organization needs to conduct research on customers culture which will also help in making brand strategies for flour product of PPB. Economic, legal and political condition vary from one country to another (Coviello, 2015). So , PPB should focus on advertising rules and regulations of Indian Market. Further, developing a strong distribution channel alliances in the Indian market is also one of the major requirements for developing a strong brand image. Therefore, using all these strategies PPB can overcome all the challenges and develop a strong brand name in the Indian market. Conclusion The current research project has concluded that PPB might face a number of challenges at the time of entering into the Indian market and these include cultural issue, rules, and regulations, unexpected cost, lack of international experience and changes in commercial laws and currency, etc. But, all these challenges can manage by taking appropriate strategies of market entry such as joint venture with the local manufacturer of food products. Afterward, research has concluded that MMIS is one of the operative systems for resolving global marketing issues. Along with this, pricing decision of PPB group can be influenced by different factors such as transportation cost, tariff charges, fees, documentations, etc. In addition; the report has found that lack of knowledge about the target audience, their culture and communication channel are major difficulties of marketing communication strategy. Social media marketing and other promotional channels can help in resolving these issues. Along with this, eco packaging, appropriate labeling, quality products and promotion are main strategies for developing a strong brand image of PPB in the Indian market. References Baker, M.J. and Saren, M., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Carraher, S.M. and Paridon, T.J., 2015. Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.Journal of Small Business Strategy,19(2), pp.89-98. Cornwell, T.B. and Kwak, D.H., 2015. Sponsorship-linked marketing: Introduction to topics.Journal of Sport Management,29(2), pp.133-136. Coviello, N., 2015. Re-thinking research on born globals.Journal of International Business Studies,46(1), pp.17-26. Dinnie, K., 2015.Nation branding: concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Duan, L., Huang, J. and Shou, B., 2015. Pricing for local and global Wi-Fi markets.IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,14(5), pp.1056-1070. Gomes, E., Barnes, B.R. and Mahmood, T., 2016. A 22 year review of strategic alliance research in the leading management journals.International Business Review,25(1), pp.15-27. Hoppner, J.J. and Griffith, D.A., 2015. Looking back to move forward: a review of the evolution of research in international marketing channels.Journal of Retailing,91(4), pp.610-626. Johanson, J. and Mattsson, L.G., 2015. Internationalisation in industrial systemsa network approach. InKnowledge, Networks and Power(pp. 111-132). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Katsikeas, C.S., Morgan, N.A., Leonidou, L.C. and Hult, G.T.M., 2016. Assessing performance outcomes in marketing.Journal of Marketing,80(2), pp.1-20. Keegan, W.J. and Green, M.C., 2015.Global Marketing. Boston: Pearson. Kotler, P, et.al, 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lohrke, F.T, et.al, 2015. Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), pp.13-24. Martin, C.R., 2015. Service Constructs as Foundations for Advertising Themes. InProceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 161-161). Springer International Publishing. Mazanec, J.A, et.al,2015. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, pp.299-304. McDonald, M.A.L.C.O.L.M., 2016. 5 Strategic marketing planning.The marketing book, p.86. Meyer, K. and Peng, M., 2016.International business. Cengage Learning. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management. Springer. Rana, S. and Sharma, S., 2015. A literature review, classification and simple meta-analysis on the conceptual domain of international marketing: 1990-2012.Advances in International Marketing,25, pp.189-222. Riasi, A., 2015. Barriers to international supply chain management in Iranian flower industry.Management Science Letters,5(4), pp.363-368. Richter, N.F, et.al, 2015. European management research using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).European Management Journal,33(1), pp.1-3. Sinatra, A., Singh, H. and von Krogh, G., 2016.The Management of Corporate Acquisitions: International Perspectives. Springer. Wagner, S.M. and Eggert, A., 2016. Co-management of purchasing and marketing: Why, when and how?.Industrial Marketing Management,52, pp.27-36. Aaker, D., 2011. Five Challenges Facing Marketing. [Online]. Available through: https://hbr.org/2011/10/five-challenges-facing-marketi. [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Bhasin, H., 2016. 8 Advantages of Marketing Information Systems. [Online]. Available through: https://www.marketing91.com/customer-profitablity-analysis-2/ . [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Global Branding: Issues and Challenges. 2013. [Online]. Available through: https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89512248/global-branding-issues-challenges. [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. PPB Group. 2016. [Online]. Available through: https://www.ppbgroup.com/. [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Sylvestre, C., 2010. Strategies For Entering Foreign Markets: Waterfall And Sprinkler. [Online]. Available through: https://tonraccommunications.blogspot.in/2010/07/strategies-for-entering-foreign-markets.html . [Accessed on 11 December 2016].