Stalins Foreign Policy - 1232 Words

Stalin’s Foreign Policy Joseph Stalin rose to power in the USSR by 1928. His foreign Policy means how the USSR interacted with other nations such as France and Germany. Historians interpret Stalin’s foreign policy in two different ways: One side describes his foreign policy being aimed at manipulating the western nations (Great Britain, France, Germany and the US) into a destructive war between them, making it easier for Stalin to expand towards the west. This view describes Stalin as being very aggresssive. However, the other view states that Stalin was looking for security of the USSR, and protecting his nation from a German invasion, seeing that Hitler has described Russian territory as â€Å"Lebensraumâ€Å" in his manifesto â€Å"Mein Kampfâ€Å".†¦show more content†¦The UK in particular would not have welcomed this, seeing that the Zinoviev-Letter which was found by the UK suggested a Communist Revolution in Great Brittain.The German foreign minister Ribentropp travels to Moscow i n 1939 to sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact which says that Germany and the USSR will stay at peace with one another for the next ten years. Also, in a secret part of the treaty, Poland is divided up between the two nations, and Germany lets the USSR have the Baltic states. This led Stalin to believe that his foreign Policy was successful, and that he had effectively managed to avoid the threat of a German invasion. The signing of this pact could be deemed a success to some extent, however seeing that Germay invaded the USSR only two years later could be argued to be a failure. One could say that the Nazis were to invade the USSR anyway, and thus the Molotov-Ribentropp pact actually allowed for more time to further armament and to develop the USSR’s heavy industries. Ultimately this might have given the USSR the upper hand and the necessary strength to win the war against Germany, which makes the signing of the pact a success. | In 1933, Hitler comes to Power in Germany and cancels t he Rapallo Treaty. This is a failure, because the Rapallo Treaty was a treaty of friendship and economic assistance with the USSR. First signs of Hitler not sympathizing with the USSR are now seen.In 1938, the USSR was left out of the Munich Conference, whereShow MoreRelatedWho Was to Blame for the Cold War? 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Stalin understood, and currently, Putin understands the desideratum of gaining foreign allies. Albeit, they had completely different motives. Stalin, being a communist, was interestedRead MoreEssay on What Factors Led to the Cold War?722 Words   |  3 PagesWar. The Revisionists sees the motives behind U.S. foreign policy as inherently linked to the needs of Capitalism. When looking at different historians point of views, one can see how the Cold War was seen as the only need for self-preservation that had caused the two countries to sink in their differences. However, many of the tensions that existed in the Cold War can be attributed to Stalins policy of Soviet expansion. Stalins foreign policies could have contributed to the increased tension betweenRead MoreHistory Essay. Expansionism779 Words   |  4 Pages‘important economic advantages for the USA in starting a cold war’. Source 9 rejects the view of both sources as it acknowledges the need for Stalin’s need for security and that there was a ‘wedge’ driven into ‘soviet security’. The orthodox school of historians would argue that the cold war developed due to soviet expansionism and this was clear in Stalin’s foreign policy. This was evident in the events that took place after 1945. One of the events that would side with this view would be the defeat ofRead Morethe cause of the cold war Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesneither nation had a definitive plan of action (Todd, 2009). Also, after President Roosevelt was replaced by Truman, the US foreign policy adopted a hardline stance towards communism. Thus, President Trumans hardline stance foreign policies played a significant role in causing the Cold War because of the paranoia and upset it caused in the USSR. One of Trumans policies that may have played a role in starting the Cold War was the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 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Pepsi Inc An American Based Multinational Company Essay

Introduction Pepsi Inc. is an American based multinational company that focuses on food, beverage, as well as snacks. The company’s headquarters are located in New York, United States. Notably, Pepsi Inc. was incorporated in the year 1965 as a merger between Pepsi -Cola Company and the Frito-Lay Company. Pepsi is one of the largest beverage and food companies in the world. The company focuses on widening its business in both Europe and other parts of the world through introduction of subsidiaries to serve the needs of the immediate clients. The company has recorded tremendous growth since inception having recorded and negotiated a number of acquisitions in Europe. With such strides in the market, Pepsi is posing a serious threat to the other players in the market, Coca Cola being the major competitor. The importance of identifying the correct market structure cannot be ignore as the features of the market structure significantly influence the competitive strategies implement ed by respective companies to enhance the profitability. The Market Structure in Which Pepsi Competes A market structure attempts to describe the market structure in which an organization plays. Clearly, Pepsi operates in an oligopolistic market. An oligopolistic market refers to an industry that is characterized by existence of a few players. Notably, the number of the players is usually sufficiently small for the market to have considerable interdependence and to be conscious. The soft drinkShow MoreRelatedThe Soft Drink Manufacturing And Carbonated Beverages Market Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesthree major companies. They are Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and the Dr. Pepper Snapple Group. 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How important does the coal trade appear to have been in the development of the port of Whitehaven from 1700 until 1900 Free Essays

string(103) " all the ships in the harbour \(over one hundred\) at low tide were unable to move because of the mud\." To do this part of the assignment I visited Whitehaven harbour to try and find evidence to answer this question. On this visit we went to many different places around the harbour that we thought would have a connection to the coal trade and the harbour. First, we visited the lime tongue, the name tells us that they imported lime for the iron industry and unloaded it on this pier. We will write a custom essay sample on How important does the coal trade appear to have been in the development of the port of Whitehaven from 1700 until 1900? or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is also another pier called the Sugar tongue, the name tells me that they imported sugar and unloaded it onto this pier. From this we can tell that goods were also imported into the port of Whitehaven. I know that from my background knowledge of coal that it would not have been possible to unload the coal onto either of these piers because they are too thin to unload heavy, bulky coal. To support the evidence further of having other exports and imports, we found drawings and inscriptions on benches down the lime tongue. These drawings included coal that we know was exported, tobacco that was imported from Virginia, timber which was imported from North America for the coal industry to be used as pit props and fish were exported. We also found the old Custom House, pictured right, which tells us that goods did come in to the port of Whitehaven and people had to pay custom duties on them. From all this evidence I can deduce that not only was coal exported from Whitehaven Harbour but other goods were also exported and imported into the port. By looking down at the harbour I could see that it was a very suitable place to have an inlet. The harbour has a big headland to protect it from prevailing winds and the size of the harbour would be very good for small boats. Another reason that it was a good place for an inlet is because it would have been a way of bringing business and money to the town of Whitehaven so they would get something back in return for building the harbour. From looking at the harbour I could see that it was quite small, not very wide, not very deep and wouldn’t be suitable for bigger boats. This would be a problem for Whitehaven harbour, as by the 1870’s steam ships were replacing the sailing ships. These steam ships were longer, wider, deeper and could carry more than the sailing ships which would mean that they wouldn’t be able to get into the harbour so they wouldn’t be able to load up the coal. By looking across the sea and from my background knowledge I think that most of the coal from Whitehaven went across the sea to Ireland. This could be especially to Dublin since this was Britain’s second largest city in the eighteenth century. It could have also been taken to the Isle of Man since this is also only across the sea. Whitehaven harbour has only had the lock gates for about ten years, so before this boats could only come in and out of the harbour at high tide. As you can see from the picture, on the left, which I found in an old newspaper, the harbour would have been mud at low tide, so the boats would have been unable to move. From this I can tell that the Harbour must have stopped developing for the lock gates not to have been installed earlier, because the lock gates have been a big improvement to the harbour meaning boats can leave and enter the harbour when they wish. Whitehaven’s hinterland extended to surrounding places like Egremont and most of West Cumbria because the roads were so bad this made more people want to transport the coal by boat. Before we went on the trip to Whitehaven we watched a video called ‘Sail to Steam’ which showed the port of Liverpool and showed how its hinterland grew especially after the coming of the railways. Having watched this video I think one reason why Whitehaven’s hinterland stopped growing was because Liverpool was taking trade away from Whitehaven. This was because it was a more accessible port for the bigger ships and also because Liverpool had lock gates, which meant ships, could go in and out of the harbour when they needed to. By looking at the map of the ‘building of the harbour’ I can see that most of the harbour developed between 1693 and 1833 which is just about the period we are looking at. I think coal could have played a big part in the development of the harbour because this was about the time when coal mining was becoming popular in Whitehaven. They also needed a way to transport the coal from Whitehaven to places where they needed it, so they kept developing the harbour as the coal industry was developing and growing. The extra piers were built for the loading of coal when extra space was needed around the harbour for the various ships to land and wait to be loaded. This must have seemed an extremely good idea because then they could transport the coal to Ireland, which had little or no coal and was only over the channel. When we were walking around the harbour we found an old canon, which must have once been used to defend the port, this is pictured on the right. This tells me that Whitehaven’s coal trade must have been very valuable for it to have been protected.e found some models linked to the story of John Paul Jones, which aren’t really relevant to this assignment because they have nothing to do with the coal We also had an extract of John Paul Jones’ diary to look at, in this extract it said about all the ships in the harbour (over one hundred) at low tide were unable to move because of the mud. You read "How important does the coal trade appear to have been in the development of the port of Whitehaven from 1700 until 1900?" in category "Papers" This shows that in 1778 the harbour was very busy but there was a problem with low tides making boats unable to move. We also went to look for any evidence of warehouses and railway lines around the harbour but couldn’t find any. We know they were once there because we have seen an old photograph of them. This suggests that Whitehaven’s port has declined in industry because otherwise the warehouses would still be there but I wouldn’t have expected any evidence of the railway lines. This is because the railways would not have been needed anymore once the coal mining had stopped. This then suggests to me that as the coal mining industry declined so did the amount of industry going in and out of the port. This tells me that coal mining had a big effect on Whitehaven’s port and was also very important to it. From the graph I drew on the rise and fall of Whitehaven port I can see that the peak of the coal exported was in 1835, when the amount of coal exported was 459 thousand tons. After this date the amount of coal exported began to fall. This tells me that either the coal was being transported by another means of transport, such as the railways, or not as much coal was being mined in Whitehaven. Either way this tells me that the coal exports out of the port of Whitehaven was decreasing. On the visit we looked for evidence of drift mines (or adits), which are mines cut into the side of a hill held up by pit props, but we couldn’t see any. This will have been because drift mines weren’t very deep because of faulting, the risk of flooding and the danger of a roof fall so many of the drift mines will have collapsed and will have been flattened over. Also quite a few of the drift mines were on Mount Pleasant which is where later they built the houses for the coal miners to live. I also looked for evidence of straithes but couldn’t find any. Straithes were used to load coal from trucks onto boats quickly, they were particularly important to the port of Whitehaven, which was tidal, because they needed to load the boats quickly to get them in and out on the same tide. The straithes will have been removed because they will have been no longer needed because there is no coal trade in Whitehaven now. We also went to look at Mount Pleasant, which is where all the miners lived but now there are no houses there. This would be because they would be no longer needed, because as the coal trade decreased fewer people would be employed so they didn’t need the housing facilities. Mount Pleasant used to have 200 terraced houses, which were homes to 1825 people. Mount Pleasant was not far away from any of the mines so this would have made it very convenient for the workers to get to work. On the visit we went to look at the Duke pit fan house. We know this is connected to coal mining because Duke pit means there is coal. The job of the fan house was very important, it was to circulate the air down the mine. By looking at this picture of the fan house I have calculated that the actual size of the fan wheel would have been about 20-25ft wide. This tells me that it was a big pit, which would have had lots of coal to mine and would have had lots of employee’s. As we were walking along I noticed evidence of an old railway incline, as you can see from the pictures the railway line would have ran from Haig pit down to the harbour for the coal to be loaded onto ships. This would have made it very easy to transport the coal. Although Haig pit operated after the period that I am investigating, it leads me to believe that other pits will have had railways or wagon ways down to the harbour. This will be because the harbour is not very far away from any of the mines and it would cost too much to transport the heavy coal on land especially since the roads were so bad. As we walked towards the Wellington pit entrance I found lots of covered over air vents. These air vents will have been used to get fresh air into the mines, which is a very important thing to have in a mine. We visited the entrance to Wellington pit, where I noticed a plaque on the wall telling me that the pit operated between 1840-1933. These dates during the pit was working are significant because it worked for nearly one hundred years. This is a very long time for a mine to work, so this tells me that the mine must have been big, and must have lots of coal to mine. Also to back up this evidence is the diagram ‘Underneath Wellington Pit’, this shows that the pit was very deep and had lots of coal seams, which were quite wide. Wellington pit is very close to the harbour (about 100 yards) this tells me that this would have been the most convenient and cost effective way of transporting the coal to wherever it had to go. Wellington pit is also very close to Duke pit, which suggests that they could have been linked. I also went to look at the candlestick chimney, which is called this because it looks like a candlestick. If you look at the picture you can see that the chimney is very tall, this suggests to me that it is not only an air vent but also it was an exit for poisonous gases. This is so that the gases went higher than Mount Pleasant, which is where all the miners lived so that the miners did not get poisoned. I also found evidence that there were mining disasters on a plaque on the wall near Wellington pit. It told me that in 1910, 136 people died in the Wellington Pit disaster. This tells me that coal mining was very dangerous. Also, other evidence that shows us mining was dangerous is the building called the mission which used to be the hospital. This suggests that there must have been a number of accidents for a hospital to have been this close to the mines. If I had time then it would have been interesting to look for some of the remains of other pits that have something significant about them. The King Pit is interesting because in 1793 it was the deepest coal mine, as it was about 960ft deep. The Haig pit would have been interesting because it was the last pit to have been operating in the area and it went 7 miles under the sea. The Saltom pit would have been interesting because it was the first mine to mine coal under the sea. From all of this evidence I have come to a number of conclusions. I have concluded that coal was the main export and was exported in large quantities. There were also different imports at different times between 1700 and 1900. The evidence that proves this is the old customhouse where the imports had to pay custom duties on the goods imported also the lime and sugar tongues, tell us that sugar and lime, were imported. The graph on the rise and fall of Whitehaven shows that a lot of coal was exported. I have come to the conclusion that Whitehaven was perfect for the transportation of coal up until the late 1800’s.The size and shape of the harbour and headland was just right for the small sailing boats, the headland protected these boats from prevailing winds. In the 1870’s steam ships became popular, this would cause problems for Whitehaven as the harbour would have been too small for these big steam ships. The harbour was also perfect for transporting coal because it was close to all the mines in Whitehaven so this would mean that the coal would not have to travel far to be loaded onto the ships. I have also come to the conclusion that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and 1800 than it was in 1900. To support this is the graph the rise and fall of Whitehaven that shows us that the amount of coal that was exported. The amount of coal exported began to decline about the time of the railways and steam ships becoming popular, which could mean that the harbour wasn’t being used as much for the export of coal and also because of the railways and steam ships Whitehaven’s hinterland began to decrease. My final conclusion is that coal helped the harbour grow. Most of the evidence points to this, such as the building of the harbour at the time when coal mining was becoming popular. Also, when they stopped mining as much coal and they found other ways of transporting it, the harbour stopped growing and went into decline, this is why the lock gates were only just recently added to the harbour. From this I can tell that the industrial revolution must have also played a very important part in the development of Whitehaven Harbour. This is because if the industrial revolution hadn’t happened then there would have not been a big demand for coal. So therefore the coal industry in Whitehaven might have never got as big and they might not have opened as many mines, which would mean that there would have been little point in developing the harbour for such a small amount of coal. This answers the objective of the whole assignment that the coal trade appears to have been very important in the development of the port of Whitehaven between 1700 and 1900 How useful were the site and other sources in helping you to the answer the question which is part 1? In part one of my assignment I considered what I could learn by visiting the harbour itself about why the port of Whitehaven had changed and developed up to the 20th century. The conclusion that I reached at the end of part 1 was briefly this: The coal trade had a very important part in the development of the harbour but there were other imports as well. Coal was not the only reason that the harbour stopped developing because things like the steam ships, which weren’t accessible into the port of Whitehaven and the railways, stopped it developing. Also because of Whitehaven had no lock gates, which put it at a disadvantage. This meant that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and in 1800 than in 1900. I am now going to select some other sources to do with the port of Whitehaven and judge each one according to how useful it is in explaining the development of the harbour compared with the evidence of the harbour itself. The sources I have chosen to consider are: 1) The Beacon centre 2) John Paul Jones feature film 3) John Paul Jones diary 4) Census Results 5) Sail to Steam video The first source I will be considering is the beacon centre, which is a museum about the history of Whitehaven. The Beacon centre is relevant to the question because it does give information about the coal mining. The Beacon centre also contains information about the John Paul Jones raid, the slave trade, railways, ships, the Lowther family and much more. The Beacon centre is typical because it tells us about the history of Whitehaven and surrounding areas. It was opened in 1996 to inform people about the history of West Cumbria. I think that the Beacon centre was put there for tourism rather than for historians to find evidence. My evidence for this is because the Beacon centre has a rather big section on John Paul Jones compared to a relatively small section on coal mining. Even though the raid of John Paul Jones only lasted a few hours in the history of Whitehaven and the coal mining industry lasted over 200 years. So this tells me that the Beacon centre is trying to attract American tourists by having a large section on John Paul Jones, since this is why most American tourists come to Whitehaven to see where John Paul Jones raided. Other evidence of it being there for tourism is because when we went it was a free week so this means that it is trying to attract locals to visit it and see how good it is. This is so that when the summer season starts and tourists ask locals where to go to look around Whitehaven they will tell them to go to the Beacon Centre. This would mean that the Beacon centre would make more money. I think that this source is reliable because they wouldn’t tell people about subjects that weren’t true. Compared to the harbour, the beacon centre is not very useful in explaining the development of the harbour because it doesn’t contain enough evidence since it is just there for tourism so it puts information in to it that people will be interested in and wan t to find out about. Now I will be judging an extract from the John Paul Jones feature film. This source is relevant because it does mention Whitehaven harbour. We saw an attack on Whitehaven harbour; the men in the attack burnt shipping to frighten British merchants so that they got British troops to guard the port. This was so that they got some of the troops away from America, so they had more chance of winning the war. This film was produced to make money because John Paul Jones would be popular with Americans so that would encourage more people to go and watch it therefore making more money. It was made in Hollywood and not even the raid on Whitehaven was actually filmed in Whitehaven. This tells me that the film was produced to make money because if it were for any other use than they would have spent the time and money to reconstruct the event in Whitehaven for the film. This source is reliable in one way in that the raid in Whitehaven did happen by John Paul Jones but we don’t know the actual words that he said so the words on the film are unreliable. The film extract isn’t typical because it isn’t every night that Whitehaven would have had a big raid. Compared to the harbour, I don’t think that this source was very useful because it was produced to make money rather than to inform us. The film extract didn’t contain enough information about the development of the harbour like the size and shape of it and it didn’t mention the coal trade. I am now going to judge an extract from John Paul Jones diary. It says that over one hundred ships were in the port on that night. The diary extract is relevant because it tells us what a typical night in Whitehaven Port was like. We know that it was typical because Whitehaven was not expecting a raid so it was just a normal night until it happened. John Paul Jones produced this diary and it was produced for his own purposes to write down about the day’s events. And because it was a diary we can say that it is reliable because you wouldn’t expect anyone to read your diary, so it was just written for his own purposes although he could have been bias towards his own country. I don’t think that the diary extract was as useful at answering the question from part one than the harbour was. This is because although the extract gave us valuable information about the harbour at the time it didn’t tell us about the coal trade or about the development of the harbour. All it tells us is that the harbour was busy and that it was low tide because the harbour was just mud. We watched a video called Sail to Steam, which I am now going to judge. This video was a documentary and although it didn’t even mention Whitehaven it gave us information about the development and growth of Liverpool port which we can relate to the port of Whitehaven so it is relevant. It told us that the coming of the railways increased Liverpool’s hinterland and that the lock gates improved the port because they no longer had to wait for the high tides to come in and out of the port. It also told us about the change from sailboats to steam ships that could carry more and were bigger. From this I could tell that Whitehaven was at a disadvantage because it didn’t have lock gates, the port would have been to small for the big steam ships and the coming of the railways decreased Whitehaven harbours growth and hinterland. This documentary was produced to inform people about the changes from sail to steam especially in the port of Liverpool. From this I can tell that the information given is accurate and reliable because they wouldn’t produce a documentary with inaccurate information. This source is typical because it shows how the port of Liverpool grew over the years. I think that although this source was useful in telling us why Whitehaven port might have stopped growing that it is not as useful as the harbour itself. This is because it doesn’t contain information about Whitehaven port and its development and it doesn’t tell us about Whitehaven’s coal trade. I am now going to analyse the census results. The census results are relevant to the question in part one because they show us how many people lived on Mount Pleasant and it shows the different jobs they had. This then gives us an idea of how many people work down the mines and this then tells us how important the coal mining industry was to the people of Whitehaven. The census was produced in 1851 for the government, to inform them of how many people there were in the country. A census is an official count of the population so this tells me that the census is accurate and reliable because they wouldn’t produce a census that was wrong because it would have been a waste of money. Although the census results are useful I don’t think that they are as useful as the harbour itself because it doesn’t give us enough information about the coal trade and it doesn’t tell us anything about the harbour. If we could have had the resources I would have also liked to have had the figures for the amount of coal mined in the area between 1700 and 1900. This would have been useful because I could have compared it to the amount of coal exported from the port and then I could have seen just how much the harbour became more useful for the exportation and coal. Also I would have been able to look for a decline in the amount of coal exported compared to the amount mined when the railways became popular, to see if railways did take some of Whitehaven’s hinterland away from it. I would also have liked to have had a diary extract from a person who worked down the mines. This would have been useful to find out the day to day workings of the mines. In part 1 I found that coal was very important to the port of Whitehaven but other things were imported as well but as steam ships became popular the harbour was at a disadvantage because the harbour was too small for these big steam ships. Also Whitehaven didn’t have lock gates so this put it at a disadvantage because it meant the boats had to wait until high tide to come in and out of the harbour. This meant that Whitehaven harbour was more important in 1700 and 1800 than in 1900. I have concluded for this part of the assignment that the beacon centre is only there to attract tourists and to make money. I have also concluded that the John Paul Jones video is also just a way of making money and not about informing historians about the raid on Whitehaven harbour. My conclusion of John Paul Jones diary extract is that although it was useful in telling me about a typical night in the harbour it does not contain enough information about the harbour or about the coal trade. I have also concluded that the sail to steam video was useful in telling me about the development from sail boats to steam ships but it did not contain any information about Whitehaven. I have come to the conclusion that although the census results tell us a lot of information about the amount of people living on Mount Pleasant and the amount of people working down the mine it doesn’t give us sufficient evidence to answer the question that is part 1. My conclusion that the visit to Whitehaven harbour was much more useful to me in answering the question that is part 1 than any of the other sources. Whitehaven harbour contained lots of unwitting evidence about the harbour and how it developed between 1700 and 1900. It also gave me a lot of information about the coal trade and how it relied on the harbour to be exported. This source contained information about both the harbour and the coal trade so this makes it very useful and also reliable because we can see the evidence. This source is also typical because it contains the remains of things (like the mines) that were actually there between 1700 and 1900 How to cite How important does the coal trade appear to have been in the development of the port of Whitehaven from 1700 until 1900?, Papers

Peter Paul Rubens St. George and the Dragon free essay sample

The subject matter of the Baroque Era was often of religious scenes. The term Baroque originally meant overdone too many notes In music, too much color In painting, and too grand in architecture. Eventually, Baroque has come to become characterized by elaborate ornamentation, the aim to create a dramatic effect, the appealing of the spirit through the senses, enlarged space, heightened sensuality and spirituality, and highly ornate. Baroque art started in the Catholic countries as a reaction to the Protestant reformation as a way to bring people back into the Catholic Church.For this reason, Rueben was often commissioned by the hurl to paint various pieces. Through his paintings he created a Blvd, dramatic mode of expression that was later called Baroque. The unique qualities of his invention is strongly characterized by the piece SST. George and the Dragon which depicts the patron saint slaying the dragon Saloon to save the princess of Selene. The princess is stiffly posed, but painted in a highly detailed manner, a characteristic that was prevalent in Rubes predecessors.The heroic figure of the knight shows brilliant colors and animated gestures to demonstrate Rubes Interest In portraying motion. HIS flamboyant Baroque style is often characterized by large heavy figures In active motion and an exited emotional atmosphere. Strong contrasts of light, shadow, and rich colors infuse energy into his paintings. His works were largely influenced by the artist of the High Renaissance including Leonardo ad Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. He was also influenced by the recent, highly naturalistic paintings of Aggravating who utilized the trademarks of Baroque art.He too painted using a strong contrast of light and dark, rich colors, and the depiction of motion and human expression. An example of his work Is the painting The crucifixion of SST. Peter. It depicts the martyr SST. Peter asks for his cross to be inverted upon his crucifixion so he would not imitate Christ. He is depicted in the picture hanging upside-down, his facial expression clearly portrayed. The picture displays the strong contrast of dark and light through the dark background which is overlaid by the subjects who are painted In rich, flamboyant colors.The depiction of motion Is shown as the Romans prepare to erect the cross, struggling due to the weight as If their crime already weighs them down. Although a great amount of detail is used, it hardly reaches the extent of detail in Rubes work. Despite the fact, the basic defining factors of Baroque art are still present- the depiction of motion, the strong colors, the naturalistic rather than ideal portrayal, the result of a dramatic effect, and the ornamentation of the painting. Another example of Baroque art Is the piece Judith Slaying Holystones by Artemisia Gentiles.The painting depicts a scene for the Old maidservant, beheads the drunken general after he has fallen asleep. Although absent of elaborate ornamentation, the painting still exhibits the traditional characteristics of the Baroque era. This painting is a prime example of the depiction of motion and facial expressions. A struggle is clearly depicted as the blood is shown dripping down from the body of the partially beheaded Holystones who, in desperation, clutches at the collar of the maidservant. His expression is that of horror. Energy is shown as the two women attempt to wield the large dagger.The strong contrast of light and dark is shown by the rich, flamboyant colors of the subjects against the dark background. A sense of enlarged space is created through the simplistic setting of a dark, blank background rather than a clutter of objects. This painting is believed to be influenced by Gravesides painting of the same name. Another artist who was strongly influenced by Aggravating was Rembrandt van Rising. His art piece The Storm on the Sea of Galilee depicts the miracle of Christ calming the waves on the Sea of Galilee as depicted in the fourth chapter of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.This painting verifies his position as the master of light in the Baroque era. The sky of the seascape ranges from the dark gray in the parting storm clouds to the soft, light yellow in the clouds where sunlight begins to filter through. The subject is contrasted from the background by the use of rich, flamboyant hues. The element of motion is shown as the ship is set in motion by the strong waves, the turbulent waters still brewing. The waves retain a naturalistic fell through the use of soft contours in opposed to harsh lines.The subject of the ship is highly detailed, depicting each individual sailor, each still retaining their individual features and facial expressions despite their small sized in comparison to the entire painting. One of the most common characteristics of Baroque art is the inclusion of religious themes in the paintings. All the paintings depict biblical scenes. This is the result of Baroque art obtaining its roots from the Catholic Church who hired artists to create artwork intended to draw people back to the church by appealing to their senses.In conclusion, the painting Saint George and the Dragon fits its art period, the Baroque Era due to a number of reasons. These reasons include the strong contrast between light and dark, the usage of rich, flamboyant colors which is offset by a dark background, the depiction of motion and facial expressions, the rendering of high detail, the natural istic rather than ideal figures, the enlarges sense of space, the aim o create a dramatic effect, the theme of religion, the display of power and dramatic intensity, and the appealing to the spirit through the senses. The painting includes all of the above reasons. The term Baroque originally meant overdone too many notes in music, too much color in painting, and too grand in architecture. Eventually, Baroque has come to become characterized by elaborate ornamentation, the aim to create a dramatic effect, the appealing of the spirit through the senses, enlarged space, heightened sensuality and spirituality, and highly ornate. Baroque art started n the Catholic countries as a reaction to the Protestant reformation as a way to bring people back into the Catholic Church.For this reason, Rueben was often commissioned by the church to paint various pieces. Through his paintings he created a vivid, dramatic mode of expression that was later called Baroque. The unique qualities of his invention is strongly characterized by the piece SST. George and princess of Selene. The princess is stiffly posed, but painted in a highly detailed manner, a characteristic that was prevalent in Rubes predecessors. The heroic fugue of the knight shows brilliant colors and animated gestures to demonstrate Rubes interest in portraying motion.His flamboyant Baroque style is often characterized by large heavy figures in active motion and an exited emotional atmosphere. Strong contrasts of light, shadow, and rich colors infuse energy into his paintings. His works were largely influenced by the artist of the High Renaissance including Leonardo ad Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. He was also influenced by the recent, highly naturalistic paintings of Aggravating who utilized the trademarks of Baroque art. He too painted using a strong contrast of light and dark, rich colors, and the depiction of motion and human expression.An example of his work is the painting The Crucifixion of SST. Peter. It depicts the martyr SST. Peter asks for his cross to be inverted upon his crucifixion so he would not imitate Christ. He is depicted in the picture hanging upside-down, his facial expression clearly portrayed. The picture displays the strong contrast of dark and light through the dark background which is overlaid by the subjects who are painted in rich, flamboyant colors. The depiction of motion is shown as the Romans prepare to erect the cross, struggling due to the eight as if their crime already weighs them down.Although a great amount of detail IS used, it hardly reaches the extent of detail in Rubes work. Despite the fact, the basic defining factors of Baroque art are still present- the depiction of motion, the strong colors, the naturalistic rather than ideal portrayal, the result of a dramatic effect, and the ornamentation of the painting. Another example of Baroque art is the piece Judith Slaying Holystones by Artemisia Gentiles. The painting depicts a scene for the Old Testament. IN this scene, Holystones has been seduced by Judith ho, assisted by her maidservant, beheads the drunken general after he has fallen sleep.Although absent of elaborate ornamentation, the painting still exhibits the traditional characteristics of the Baroque era. This painting is a prime example of the depiction of motion and facial expressions. A struggle is clearly depicted as the blood is shown dripping down from the body of the partially beheaded Holystones who, in horror. Energy is shown as the two women attempt to wield the large dagger. This painting is believed to be influenced by Gravesides painting of the same name. The The term Baroque originally meant overdone too many notes in music, too much lour in painting, and too grand in architecture.Eventually, Baroque has come to become characterized by elaborate ornamentation, the aim to create a dramatic church to paint various pieces. Through his paintings he created a vivid, dramatic ere princess is stiffly posed, but painted in a highly detailed manner, a characteristic brilliant colors and animated gestures to demonstrate Rubes interest in portraying motion. His flamboyant Baroque style is often characterized by large heavy figures in expression. An example of his work is the painting The Crucifixion of SST. Peter. It painted in rich, flamboyant colors.The depiction of motion is shown as the Romans prepare to erect the cross, struggling due to the weight as if their crime already Neighs them down. Although a great amount of detail is used, it hardly reaches the ornamentation of the painting. Another example of Baroque art is the piece Judith Testament. IN this scene, Holystones has been seduced by Judith who, assisted by her maidservant, beheads the drunken general after he has fallen asleep. Although Invention is strongly characterized by the piece SST. George and the Dragon which that was prevalent in Rubes predecessors.

Mdma Essays - Neurochemistry, Neuropsychology, Nervous System

Mdma Can there be a Relationship between Ecstasy and Memory in the Human Body? Target Article: Parrott, A.C & Lasky, J. (1998) Ecstasy (MDMA) effects upon mood and cognition: before, during and after a Saturday night dance. Psychopharmacology, 139, 261-268. Additional Article: Parrot, A.C., Lees, A., Garnham, N.J., Jones, M., ecstasy: evidence for memory deficits. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 12, 79-83. Rationale and Variables: The Experiment that was conducted in class determined the affects of ecstasy or MDMA on the participants memory. In addition to testing for their ability to recall information it also looked at the number of false memory that were related to the actual word slow in the class study. In the experiment Dr. Earleywine used a list of words that were to be memorized, and recall in a given time. This study is related to another experiment conducted by A.C Parrott and J. Lasky. In their study they looked at the effects of ecstasy or MDMA on mood and cognition. They tested three groups: non- MDMA, novice-MDMA users, and regular MDMA users. They used different methods to test the three groups, included in the methods was word recall, which was also used in the class study by Dr. Earleywine. The result from that experiment showed that ecstasy or MDMA users did have memory problems. Another study was also conducted by A.C. Parrott, A. Leess, N.J Garnham M. Jones, and K. Wesnes, which was relate also to the other experiments. This experiment was conducted using three groups: non-MDMA, novice-MDMA and regular MDMA users. They used series of methods to conduct their study, and found their results similar to the earlier study. Analyzing the finding of the two studies, Dr. Earleywine decided to do a study with the mind set of making a connection between the rates of intrusions that participants who have used MDMA, compared with the rate of intrusions with participants, who did not use MDMA. The independent variables were the two groups MDMA users and non-MDMA users, and the dependent variables are the intrusions, and words recalled. Methods: The data for the experiment was collected form students that were taking psychology at University of Southern California. The participants included 145 women and 92 men. The ethnicity background included Caucasian, African/Caribbean, Asian/Pacific Islander, Latino, Native American, and others, which were not specified. The age of the participants averaged 19.578 years. The procedure of experiment started when Dr. Earleywine distributed the surveys to the participants. In the survey, questions regarding ecstasy and other drugs were asked. The participants were asked to put a check next to statements that were true to them. In the statement the participants were asked if they used MDMA in there life time or if they have never used it. They were also asked their race, age, sex and year in school. When the participants completed the questioner, Dr. Earleywine read a list of 16 words, pausing a few seconds between each word. When he was done reading the list, there was a 30-secon ds period of silence in the lecture room. After the 30-secondes, the participants were asked to recall words that they believed were read and to write them on the back of one of the surveys. Results: The study that was conducted produced results that were not very significant to our predicament. We predicted that the data we would receive would back up the two studies that were conducted, and would also be strong enough to make a statement of its own. But our prediction was far form backing up the two articles that we read. It was stated that 63.7% never used MDMA and 36.3% used MDMA in their lifetime. When the data was analyzed between the two groups, for intrusions and target intrusions they were identical for the most part. The MDMA users in our study were not more likely to make target intrusions. In the recall area of the study, the non-MDMA users recalled an average of 8.8600 words out of 16, and MDMA users averaged 8.1125 words. For the intrusion part of the study the non-MDMA users made 1.0200 intrusions on average and the MDMA users averaged 1.0000 intrusions. This result

Seial Killers Essays - Crime, Murder, Psychopathy, Serial Killer

Seial Killers Essays - Crime, Murder, Psychopathy, Serial Killer Seial Killers History II, Period 6 17 November 1995 The nineteen-seventies was an incredible decade. It was a decade of change, one of freedom, a time for great music. It was also an incredible decade for shock, fear and serial killers. John Wayne Gacy, an amateur clown, was a pedophiliac homosexual. He tortured and killed thirty three little boys and stored their remains under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, stalked New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He claimed to have been following a voice from his dog that told him when and where to kill. Ted Bundy, who is believed to have killed at least thirty-four people, was charged for only three under his own defense- and in fact, he was commended by the judge for his own defense. He was put to death. With the combination of a very powerful media and a society fascinated with gruesome, sadistic crimes, modern serial killers have been put in the spotlight. We are enraptured with serial killers so much, that we pay seven dollars to go see a movie where everyone except the bad guys gets strangled, mutilated, or shot- and enjoy it in some sick way. The media goes out of its way to glamorize murder and terrify the public. We support killers like Charles Manson on Death Row with our tax dollars. In fact, we support them with more than that. About two months ago there was an art show in California entitled: The Death Row Art Show III. Pieces sold for thousands of dollars regardless of their aesthetic appeal, because of the identity of the artists. Serial killers are becoming as popular as rock stars. Serial killers are a development of the industrial world; they really didn't "come about" until the late eighteen-hundreds when society was becoming modernized and the threat of the new age sort of displaced some individuals so much they felt they had to kill to get their point across to society. Jack the Ripper is probably the most notorious killer in history because he established the serial killer profile. Ripper set up a pattern for the new line of mass murderers who would follow in the tradition of a truly organized killer. He had a sexual obsession with prostitutes that led him to target complete strangers for a days work. When he was done, he laid his victim out in a ritualistic manner with various disemboweled items placed strategically on or around the victim's corpse. Of course, murder has been around for centuries, committed by under-educated thieves. No one was interested in meeting, and hearing about a poor peasant that slit someones throat in a dark alley. But ever since the introduction of serial killers into our society, with their precision and strategy of the murder, the media became fascinated with these people, and so did society. So instead of killing or punishing these horrible people, we now have television networks arguing over movie rights to the killers story. News shows fighting to get the "exclusive interview". T-shirts with the killers faces on them(e.g.. the famous "Manson T-shirt"). The only explanation I can offer is that we are still obsessed with our own mortality, and we always will be. As long as we die, we'll be fascinated by those who seem to be invincible from death like, serial killers, Hitler...its almost as is we like to see the act of death itself, over and over, to observe the exact moment- or what it is that puts us over that incredible brink between life and death. I can honestly say I am fascinated with the serial killer. But since when did we condone the practice of serial killers? Why aren't they put to death promptly after being convicted, instead of being kept alive for the media to interview? You have to wonder who is making money in this. When we allow people like this to dominate our media, it's like we're saying its all right to murder. Did society and the media forget that the victims of those serial killers are us and our families? Its not the serial killers that affected the twentieth century so much, but the spotlight that allowed them to grow. Maybe if not for all

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower Essay

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower - Essay Example an be produced in different scales namely large hydro (more than 10megawatts), small hydro (upto10 megawatts), micro hydro (up to 100kw), and pico hydro (up to 5kw). One major advantage of hydroelectric power is that the operational cost of a hydroelectric plant is almost immune to the increase in the cost of fossils fuel and, more so, absolutely no imports are required for the same. Hydropower is a clean source of energy with absolutely no emissions of Carbon Dioxide, and, therefore, no pollution to the environment. Global warming is also minimized. The hydropower dams can be used as a habitat for some fish and wildlife. More so, the water can be used for irrigation purposes, and they make the surrounding area around fertile (Ryan, 2009). Additionally, electricity can be produced at a constant rate and electricity generation can be stopped when it is not needed by closing sluice gates. Therefore, water can be stored for some time when there is less demand for electricity. Since dams can stay for a longer period it can be used to, store water there is no high demand of power. It is vital to note that many nations recommend hydropower because it does not emit any harmful chemicals and gases such as carbon dioxide and it is not a major contributor to global warming via carbon dioxide. Hydropower is a renewable source of energy or power because rivers and streams are naturally available. Further, hydropower is not expensive as compared to energy produced from nuclear energy or fossil fuels. The advantage of hydroelectric reservoirs is that they are able to tackle daily, seasonal, and peak loads. For instance, when the demand of electric falls, the reservoirs or dams store water while some installed electricity generators are used to store excess energy (Ryan, 2009). The cost of generating hydropower is low making it the most preferable source of the world’s renewable energy. Further, hydroelectric plants are said to have long economic lives with some plants

Pathophysiology ( Paramedic ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pathophysiology ( Paramedic ) - Essay Example A paramedic must have an effective assessment, diagnostic and implementation skills to be able to help patients in an emergency (Williams et al. 2009, pp.580–582). To demonstrate the significance of assessment, diagnostic and implementation skills necessary for a paramedic, this paper will focus on a case of a patient (Ryan) who is a three-year-old baby who is experiencing respiratory problems. Analysis of the case study would narrow down to the determination of the diagnosis of the condition, with the inclusion of the possible differential diagnosis of the condition. Based on the selected diagnosis, the paper will then analyze the epidemiology of the condition, as well as the possible contributing factors to the incidence of the condition. Additionally, the paper will discuss on the pathophysiology of the condition, the complications, as well as the management of the condition including the pre-hospital management, which is predominantly under the scope of paramedic personnel. According to the case study, a paramedic responds to an emergency call to the house of a three-year-old patient, Ryan, who is experiencing shortness of breath, a fact that is making the parents of the patient very anxious. According to the parents, the child is experiencing asthmatic attack, however, according to assessment and physical examination, the past medical history reveal that the patient was a preterm birth at 29 weeks and had spent 5 weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit. Additionally, the patient had experienced past several episodes of dyspnea. Based on the history of the current illness, Ryan had been unwell for the past two days, experiencing symptoms like running nose, earache, and general irritability. The patient has equally been experiencing difficulty in eating and drinking with an episode of vomiting reported. The patient has been on analgesics (paracetamol) and Demazin Cold Relief Infant Drops 50ml for one day

Acedemic Dishonesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Acedemic Dishonesty - Essay Example When I had to choose between doing the right thing and turning in someone else’s work, I made the wrong decision by letting the pressure to succeed get the best of me. I very much wish I could go back to that night to remind myself why I am here in the first place: to get an education and prepare myself for a meaningful career. When I submitted someone else’s work, not only did I go against my goals, but I also betrayed this community’s trust. While I very much wish that I had not committed this offense, it has given me an opportunity to reflect on my goals, and realize that my actions are not always aligned with my beliefs. The realization of this inconsistency is the first step towards figuring out what steps I need to take to help me remain true to my beliefs and my goals. To avoid a situation like this in the future, I first of all must stay on top of my school work. Part of what clouded my judgment in the first place was the fact that I let myself fall behind in my coursework. I must work on my time management skills, and plan ahead so that I have sufficient time to complete all assignments without ever feeling the desperation I felt when I made the decision to turn in another student’s work as my own.

The Iberian Lynx: Habitat, Features and Endangerment

The Iberian Lynx: Habitat, Features and Endangerment Josue Flanquin The Fate of the Iberian Lynx Among the many carnivore species that exist in Europe, the Iberian lynx and the European mink-Mustela lutreola are the only two indigenous species of the continent. In 1992, after series of careful observations and head count by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Iberian Lynx was quickly considered â€Å"critically endangered,† to see one of them go extinct is inacceptable. Despite the many researches, money and time spent in their protection and conservation, yet not much improvement has been shown in their survival. The Iberian lynx, also known as lynx of Spain and as lynx pardinus, will be the first member of the feline species to go extinct since the extinction of the Saber-toothed tiger 10,000 years ago. Being part of the wildcat family, the lynx pardinus displays many of their characteristics including long legs, ruff beard-like fur and tufted ears but unlike many other wildcats, the Iberian lynx coat is spotted, colored and shorter. Geographical Range The Iberian Lynx is known to be a native of Spain and Portugal, mainly in the Southern of the Iberian Peninsula. It is thought that before, they were well-spread all over the area, however, about a century and a half ago, their range has diminish tremendously. Before, their presence was known to be noticeable mainly in the south but also in some northern part of the area. Rapidly within fifty years they started to become extinct in the north Iberian region and an intense decline in density also began to ravage the south. From 1960 to 1990, the decline had become more extreme, and more prominent in south Spain and Portugal with about 80% with only 2% of their previous original range remained occupied. (Ferreras, et al., 2004) Two surveys were published, one in 1988 and the other in 2008. The first one estimated there were in a very fragmented range, about 800 to 1100 Iberian lynxes (adult) living in nine populations. And the other survey that was done in the more recent years has shown a much lower estimated head count to confirm that their presence were only spotted in the southwestern region of the Iberian peninsula. The total estimated number of Iberian lynx spotted and reported was between 475 to 680 Iberian lynxes living in five populations instead of nine populations as previously reported. In order to protect them, they are being kept in the Donana National Park. The species used to be very common in Portugal, but now its thought to be extirpated since their presence was last reported in January 1992. (Delibes, et al., 2000; Ferreras, et al., 2004) Habitat Like many wild felids, the Iberian lynx requires a wide range of terrains, especially below 1300 meters that contain mosaic of closed scrubland that is scattered among open patches of grassland. The reasons for choosing such landscapes are because it provides a great balance between wide-open space and shrub cover. Mostly, lynxes use scrubland as shelter and breeding while other areas that are not totally covered tend to become a shelter for their prey, more specifically their mainstay pray the European Rabbits, also know as Oryctolagus Cuniculus, which is very prominent in these locations. Unfortunately beside the many suitable habitat locations that are available, the species have been extinct from those areas presumably due to the low availability of their main prey (Ferreras et al., 2004). One of the features observed from felids is that they are very solitary and depend on a distributed demographic structure among populations where inbreeding is avoided. This requires passages b etween areas that meet the criteria of the suitable territory. Those passages allow the lynx to look for new habitats outside of the given endemic territory that fits their living condition. (Pedro Sarmento, et al., 2008) Physical Description The Felidae family has many other lynx species in their genus that includes the Canadian lynx (Lynx Canadensis), the Eurasian lynx and the Bobcat (Lynx rufus). The common family traits explain their resemblance and relativeness to each other, for example, although they are very similar in size as the Canadian lynx and the Bobcat lynx but yet smaller than the Eurasian lynx and black shorted-tipped tails. However, the Iberian lynx has some unique features of their own; they have small heads and flat faces, black tufted ears and jowls-bearded appearance and tawny pelage. Those differences have been used recently in the configuration and characterization of their size, shape and intensity of those distinctions in order to determine the degree of diversity genetically within the species. (Beltrà ¡n and Delibes, 1993; Cope, 1879; Delibes, et al., 2000; Meachen-Samuels and Van Valkenburgh, 2009) The mortality rate of the Iberian lynx is higher than their reproduction rate. According to a s tudy led by Delibes, et al 2000, 40% of their mortality happens while scattered over the land. The lifespan of the species and their longevity of captive individual are unknown. The oldest Iberian lynx as of date died at 13 years of age. The Iberian lynx has a straighten-reduced skull, small muzzles; long jaws that give each bite the â€Å"force of a smaller canines.† Those features are very beneficial adaptations for the Iberian lynx, they help them in catching small, fast prey and also enable them with the ability to kill their target with a single bite in the posterior region of the neck in order to puncture and damage the prey’s spinal cord, as opposed to suffocating bite practice by larger lynx. (Cope, 1879; Beltran and Delibes, 1993; Meachen-Samuels and Valkenburgh, 2009) Reproduction The Iberian lynx is known to be a monogamous polygynous species when observed in the Donana National Park, a close-up metapopulation at its carrying capacity density. With the total availability of suitable territories diminishing, Intrasexual interaction has become very competitive, resulting in the male Iberian lynx to have smaller territories that can be easily defended against other surrounding rivals looking for mates. Therefore, such circumstance turns the Iberian lynx to become more of a monogamy community since the males are forced to put all their strength on defending avoiding access to a particular, exclusive single female of that community. The Iberian lynx often reach sexual maturity within a period of nine months to a year after birth. Though even after sexual maturity the females will not breed until they have secured a set territory of their own. After maturity mating is always the next step, given the fact that females’ estrus peak is in January so breeding us ually happens from January to July since it is the only time that the males and females interact. Although males’ territories might overlap with those of the females’, aggressive interaction over mating right is uncommon; however the prominence of the population dictates the fluctuation rates of aggressive intrasexual, the higher the density rate, the higher the population rate will be and vice versa. (Fernà ¡ndez, et al., 2003) Food Habit The Iberian Lynx is a specialized feeder, its diet consist of 80%-100% Oryctolagus cunicuus. One adult Iberian lynx requires between 700 and 1100 kilocalories per day in order to gain the approximate amount of energy needed to function. By consuming their primary prey, the European rabbit. the Iberian lynx get that amount of energy from one single rabbit. One can imagine that an adult female with younger lynxes will require up to three rabbits per day. Because of their distinctive diet, it makes impossible or hardly do they show geographic variation. Threat to their Survival The Iberian lynx species has made it on the top of the red list of critically endangered species facing extinction, according to the IUNC. Many argument and debates are circulating over who or what is responsible for the Iberian lynx decline with barely 150 left in the Iberian Peninsula (see table 1). The three main cause of their death include but not limited to the decline in the Rabbit population, human hunting and human fragmentation. The rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, is wild invasive animal. This rabbit has been flagged as nearly endangered species in the IUNC red list due to the disease myxomatosis, habitat loss and human-induced mortality (Smith and Boyer 2008). Many Spaniards enjoy hunting. It is part of their way of life also their a way to make a living. Although the government of Spain and Portugal, both have passed laws that prohibits the hunting of the Iberian lynx, many locals still continue those habits. They would hunt them in order to used get their skin to directly sell them in the black market or to use them to make fur coats. Another main threat to the survival of the Iberian lynx is land fragmentation. During the beginning the 20th century when everything including culture start to get influenced by the western world, many rich companies moved to Spain due to low tax or free tax deal. The government allows big companies such as lumber industries to use portions of the iberian lynx habitat to be converted as stands for timbers, or also they have allowed the construction and development of tower-buildings, roads and highways, shopping malls and modern recreational public parks, invading huge part of the forest’s ecosystem and damaging the lynxes’ native habitat. Part of the life cycle of an Iberian lynx is â€Å"inter-population dispersal,† they use habitat corridors as passage, so with new roads being built that also take its toll on the species. Among the many different researches out there, there have not been enough evidence supporting the idea that human fragmentation as the main cause of death. However, according to â€Å"Delibes, et al., 2000,† most recent mortalities have been reported to be human induced which includes traffic collisions from roads, illegal hunting (5% annually), caught in traps (6% annually), and forest fires. Therefore according to the IUNC 2006, the rabbit’s decline remains the primary cause of death and extinction of the Iberian lynx. http://ge09d-geography-2010.wikispaces.com/file/view/Decline_in_Iberian_Lynx_Numbers_2.1.png/123004189/Decline_in_Iberian_Lynx_Numbers_2.1.pn Conservation Status The Iberian lynx is the most threatened species in Europe. This carnivore has fewer than 200 breeding individuals left. They have suffered not only a huge decline in their population rate and a decline in their prey’s availability but also a massive lost of range contraction. The preservation of this species requires immediate intervention from both government, Spain and Portugal accordingly, in order for it to be successful. Many captive breeding programs have begun but little is known about their success and may need to be thoroughly investigated. The inability of the species to disperse due to habitat fragmentation, has led to their isolation. Habitat fragmentation includes road construction, urban development, agriculture and elimination of corridors. Inter-population dispersal is very important in the species’ life cycle; to disperse they use habitat corridors. Another important step that need to be taken into consideration is the restoration of habitat corridors, their protection is important in the recovery of the iberian lynx, if we need re-establish successful inter-population connectivity Pedro Sarmento, et al., 2008). Furthermore, poaching remains on the list as one of the main threat of death of the Iberian lynx with 5% of annual mortality. Spain government in 1973 and Portugal in 1974 have long passed laws prohibiting exploitation and trade of the Iberian lynx by humans, because such activities are kept secret, sensitivity program has been put in place to inform the locals not to partake in such activities and report them. (Beltrà ¡n and Delibes, 1993) Citations Smith, A.T. Boyer, A.F. 2008. Oryctolagus cuniculus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Francisco Palomares, Miguel Delibes, Eloy Revilla, Javier Calzada and Jose Marà ­a Fedriani, Wildlife Monographs No. 148, Spatial Ecology of Iberian Lynx and Abundance of European Rabbits in Southwestern Spain (Oct., 2001) GIL-Sà NCHEZ J, MCCAIN E. Former range and decline of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) reconstructed using verified records.Journal Of Mammalogy[serial online]. October 2011;92(5) Sunquist, M. and Sunquist, F. (2002) Wild Cats of the World. The University of ChicagoSunquist, M. and Sunquist, F. (2002) Wild Cats of the World. The University of Chicago F. palomares, vegetation Structure and Prey Abundance Requirements of the Iberian Lynx: Implications for the Design of Reserves and Corridors Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 38, No. 1 (Feb., 2001), pp. 9-18 JESUS M. PEREZ, The dilemma of conserving parasites: the case of Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) and its host, the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) Insect Conservation and Diversity (2013) Carlos Carroll and Dale G. Miquelle, Spatial Viability Analysis of Amur Tiger Panthera tigris altaica in the Russian Far East: The Role of Protected Areas and Landscape Matrix in Population Persistence Journal of Applied Ecology vol 43 Ferreras, P., Gaona, P., Palomares, F. and Delibes, M. (2001), Restore habitat or reduce mortality? Implications from a population viability analysis of the Iberian lynx. Animal Conservation, 4:265–274. Palma, L., Beja, P. and Rodrigues, M. (1999), The use of sighting data to analyse Iberian lynx habitat and distribution. Journal of Applied Ecology J. Torres, R. Garcà ­a-Perea, J. Gisbert and C. Feliu (1998). Helminth fauna of the Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus. Journal of Helminthology, 72, pp 221-226. Meli ML, Cattori V, Martà ­nez F, Là ³pez G, Vargas A, et al. (2009) Feline Leukemia Virus and Other Pathogens as Important Threats to the Survival of the Critically Endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus).

In the Post-modern World, Truth is Only an Opinion :: essays research papers fc

To explain the impacts of postmodernism, we have to understand the very composite nature of postmodernism, which is a relatively new all encompassing philosophy and one that reputedly lacks a historiography. The nature of the title question is very philosophical to which an equally philosophical answer could be given – why? However I am not so bold as to give that as the answer. I will therefore endeavour to simplify and qualify, what I consider are, related factors and, where applicable, their origins. Similarly, as the title requests, I will also tackle their relationship with the ‘what is history?’ debate (having first explained exactly what it is) to offer a conclusion as to the profundity of their impact. The debate that continues through modern day historians on exactly ‘what is history?’ was instigated by the writings of Collingwood, Elton and Carr, during the 20th century. It appears a very multifaceted issue and seldom does a historian writing about the ongoing debate fully agree with any of his cohorts in any of the intellectual disciplines. In the words of Oscar Wilde, ‘To write history we have to rewrite history’. Obviously, this always involves revision, which encompasses ‘our understanding of the past and our sense of the persistence of the past into the present.’ (1) Once again, it is a complex issue to address as each individual may offer a different perspective, on their view of past histories due to personal circumstance and ideology, which subsequently ‘emphasises the connections between different fields of human endeavour.’(2) There is commonly a distinction between history and sociology in as much as history commonly refers to study of past events and human affairs, while sociology may be defined as ‘the study of human society, with an emphasis on generalisations about its structure and development.’(3) Rather than to get engaged in the parochial debate between how history and sociology differ, it is much easier to accept that they compliment each other. In fact there are a number of intellectual disciplines (including social anthropology, geography, politics and economics, to name but a few), which are all complimentary to the writing of history. Clearly the more recent the event, the more likely we will have more evidence as contemporary sources whether they be oral accounts, manuscripts, diaries and so forth have had less time to withstand the destructive processes, experienced by many other similar sources, throughout the passage of time. However, this is not to dismiss findings from archaeological digs, as with the help from modern technology it is believed we can interpret quite accurately dates, scenes and lifestyles of societies from long past epochs.