Case Study “Al Dunlap at Sunbeam” - 1020 Words

Case Study â€Å"Al Dunlap at Sunbeam† Response to Dunlap’s view of shareholder privacy I don’t agree with Dunlap’s view that shareholders are the only constituencies about which corporate directors and executives should be concerned. In light of agents’ obligations to principals, managers are supposed act in the best interest of the company’s shareholders, the major capital providers, when making decisions; however, as shareholders and stakeholders interests are to a large extent compatible, especially from a long-term perspective, managers should also take into consideration the interests of multiple constituencies when operating a company. For example, both shareholders and customers may benefit from a company’s successful research and†¦show more content†¦It was reasonable for a CEO’s compensation to increase as the company expanded and became a larger entity, and the newly-granted shares and increasing stock options further aligned the CEO’s personal interests with those of the company and shareholders. In t his sense, the second compensation package was also well-structured and not excessive. Seeing Sunbeam’s revenue rising and stock price climbing steeply upwards, Sunbeam’s shareholders and directors were fully convinced by Dunlap’s leadership, so they might perceive the increase in compensation amount necessary to retain and better motivate Dunlap to enhance the company’s value. Nonetheless, they neglected the fact that the increased portion of the equity-based compensation also further motivated the CEO’s dangerous behaviors pertaining to improper earnings management. Opinions on Sunbeam’s corporate governance From my perspective, Sunbeam’s board made a wise decision in firing Al Dunlap, and it was an example of effective corporate governance as the decision stopped Dunlap to further impair tone at the top in Sunbeam and further generate agency cost within Sunbeam. According to SEC litigation release No. 17001, during Dunlap’s tenure in Sunbeam, Dunlap was involved in applying improper earning management such as channel stuffing and â€Å"cookie jar†Show MoreRelatedThe Sunbeam Board Of Directors1488 Words   |  6 PagesThis case attempts to study and analyze the decisions of the Sunbeam Board of Directors (BOD) during Albert Dunlap’s stint as the Sunbeam’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This analysis will comprise the CEO hiring and his shareholder primacy view, first year and second year CEO compensation package review and will conclude the BOD’s decision to fire the CEO. In July, 1996 Sunbeam was a dying brand, which struggled to survive in the increasingly competitive market-place and needed a savior.(case p.Read MoreSunbeam Corporation Ethics4981 Words   |  20 PagesJournal of Business Case Studies – January/February 2010 Volume 6, Number 1 Sunbeam Corporation: A Forensic Analysis Patricia Hatfield, Ph.D., Bradley University, USA Shelly Webb, Ph. D., Xavier University, USA ABSTRACT The members of the Board of Directors at Sunbeam were completely bewildered. Al Dunlap, Sunbeam’s highly successful but controversial CEO was threatening to resign after almost two years of leading Sunbeam successfully out of a slump that had threatened the long-termRead MoreThe Sunbeam Board Of Directors1620 Words   |  7 Pagesattempts to study and analyze the decisions of the Sunbeam Board of Directors (BOD) during Albert Dunlap’s stint as the Sunbeam’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This analysis will comprise the CEO hiring and his shareholder primacy view, first year and second year CEO compensation package review and will conclude with the BOD’s decision to fire the CEO. In July, 1996 Sunbeam was a dying brand, which struggled to survive in the increasingly competitive market-place and needed a savior.(case p. 2) Sunbeam’sRead MoreFinancial Statement Frauds29904 Words   |  120 Pageshave attracted high profile attention recently. There have been several cases by businesses of what appears to be financial statement fraud, which have been undetected by the auditors. In this thesis, the main purpose is to identify some of th e reasons why auditors have not detected financial statement fraud and to suggest possible solutions for improving the audit process in these areas. In order to achieve this target, some cases of the fraudulent financial statements of revenue recognition will beRead MoreCorporate Governance : How Corporations Are Managed2041 Words   |  9 Pagespolicy will be biased (Rankin, et al., 2012). Also where directors are paid their bonuses as shares, to meet the expectation of the market and maintain the favorable share prices, managers often use biased accounting policy or distort accounting information. A case study of sunbeam is great example of misuse of accounting policy and what having dominant personality can lead to. In 1996 Al Chainsaw Dunlap undertook mass firing and started overstating losses in Sunbeams. By 1997 cookie jar reservesRead MoreArundel Partners: the Sequel Projects5474 Words   |  22 Pagesand Sustaining Competitive Advantage. †¢ Prentice Hall; 3 edition (November 7, 2006) †¢ ISBN-10: 0131470949 or ISBN-13: 978-0131470941 (available through Amazon, etc., or in the PSU bookstore under BA 495 or Mgmt 562) †¢ Cases: Should be available the week before the start of the term in a Course Pack at Smart Copy (location: 1915 SW 6th; phone: 503-227-6137) †¢ Simulation: The Business Strategy Game †¢ Course Objectives o To develop abilities forRead MoreWhats Wrong with Executive Compensation6069 Words   |  25 Pagesthe shareholders. If his compensation is not tied to the shareholders returns, everyone s playing a fool s game. Today, the dot-bomb, the telecom bust, and the corporate accounting scandals seem to have done for that logic what Chainsaw Al did for Sunbeam. The value that many superpaid CEO superstars supposedly created has largely disappeared, and the likelihood of it being recovered anytime soon seems remote. Indeed, the very profits that many of the companies reported appear to have been theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManaging Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard BusinessRead MoreTestbook Answers112756 Words   |  452 Pagesthe firm at time 0 is $260.33 and expected net income is $26.03 for year 1. Similarly, the present value of the firm at time 1 is $236.36 or $336.36 depending on state realization, and expected net income for year 2 is $23.64 or $33.64. In each case the market expects the firm to earn 10% on opening value. This 10% of opening value is accretion of discount. Copyright  © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc 14 Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual 4. Chapter 2 Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

International Orientation and Small Business

Question: Discuss about the International Orientation and Small Business. Answer: Introduction In the current competitive business scenario, every organization focuses on the international expansion of business operations because it is one of the important ways to get high growth and development. But, on the other hand, global marketing management is a crucial task for a company at the time of international expansion of the firm (Cornwell and Kwak, 2015). The current research report is based on international marketing management of a selected organization. The Study has chosen Perlis Plantations Berhad (PPB) which is one of the leading organization of retail industry of Malaysia. It engages in food production, agriculture, waste management, film distribution, property investment and development. Now, for high growth and development of the business, the company wants to expand its business operations in India which is one of the Big Emerging Markets (BEM) of the world. The current research will focus on different challenges which might be faced by PPB at the time of market entr y. Along with this, it will include description and application of Multinational Marketing Information System for marketing management of the company. Further, the research will focus on pricing and communication strategy of PPB. Including this, challenges associated with the branding process of the organization are also describing in the following paragraphs of the report. Challenges to market entry PPB focuses on international expansion and diversification of the business, and regarding this, it has decided to enter in a Big Emerging Market. India is one of the fastest growing countries which has a huge scope of growth and development. So, for increasing the profitability of the business PPB wants to enter into this market. The company wants to start its operations with flour products. India is the second largest population country, so demand of flour products is very high which encourage PPB group to expand its business in this BEM. But, at the time of expansion organization might face different challenges which can affect their business operations in the international market (Katsikeas, et.al, 2016). So, the company needs to pay attention towards these challenges. Export, Licensing, Franchising, contract manufacturing, joint venture and Equity stake or Acquisition are important ways to enter in an international market. Cost is considered as major challenge which may affect the profitability and growth and development of PPB in India. Hoppner and Griffith, 2015 has concluded that understanding foreign preferences is one of the challenging tasks for the organization and due to this reason company cannot offer competitive and attractive products to international consumers (Hoppner and Griffith, 2015). As per this statement PPB might face problem in determining needs and requirements of foreign customers. Mazanec, et.al, 2015 has asserted that Organizations may face problem in understanding international culture (Mazanec, et.al, 2015). Indian people follows different cultures as per their religions and communities so understanding these culture considered as a major problem for PPB group. If the organization will not be capable to understand these cultures than it cannot offer flour products as per the needs and requirements of customers. India and Malaysia follow different regulatory framework for commercial business. Similarly, Johanson and Mattsson, 2015 has concluded that At the time of international expansion company can face problem in understanding foreign regulations (Johanson and Mattsson, 2015). As per this findings different overseas rules leads unexpected costs which may affect the profitability of PPB. Therefore, managing cost is also one of the major challenges for the organization at the time of international expansion. As per the review of the company it has reflected that PPB group does not have lots of experiences of international extension so, managers of this company do not have global experience. Therefore, lack of knowledge of the international market is a major challenge for PPB. The Big Emerging Market might change commercial laws, financial policies and currency exchange rates, etc. These changes may have adverse impacts on organizational policies of PPB in the Indian market. On the other hand devaluation in the currency will have a direct impact on profitability and organizations revenue in the Indian market. Along with this, political and environmental challenges can affect the business operations in a negative manner (Keegan and Green, 2015). Overall, all the above-discussed challenges are considered as foremost problems for PPB at the time of starting its business in Indian Market which might have a negative impact on international marketing management of the company. Consequently, for appropriate management, the company needs to take appropriate action to overcome these challenges. Waterfall and Sprinkler strategies are significant for entering into a new foreign market. In which, waterfall approach is appropriate for those companies which want to introduce a product sequentially in different markets. But on the other hand, sprinkle strategy is appropriate for those organizations which want to launch their product in a simultaneous way in multiple markets. But, this tactic increases the requirement of resources for entering into the number of foreign markets. So, as per the above discussion PPB wants to start its business in the Indian Market only. So, waterfall approach will be best because it will help in managing different challenges also. It is an appropriate strategy because it provides appropriate time to understand the market which helps PPB in developing suitable marketing mix to satisfy the needs and requirements of Indian customers (Gomes, Barnes, and Mahmood, 2016). Along with this, waterfall approach focuses on the optimum utilization of the availab le resources so, managers of PPB can maximize the use of available resources. Including this, they can leverage their experience. Using the waterfall approach companies can take advantages of transfer of managerial and technical skills from one market to another. PPB group can outsource its skilled and experienced managers of Malaysia to India which can overcome the problem of lack of experiences. Therefore, Waterfall approach is one of the best strategy for PPB to start its business operations in the Indian market and it will play important role in managing challenges of the foreign market. But, at the time of entering in the market organization needs to focus on packaging and pricing strategy of the flour products. At present PPB offers 1kg packaging Pau, superfine and Self-rising flour to Malaysian customers. But for attracting Indian customers, PPB should start half kg packaging which will help in increasing sales in the international market (Duan, Huang, and Shou, 2015). Including this, Indian population follows traditional culture, so agriculture image on packaging will help in attracting customers. The high cost of investment is also one of the chief challenges and to overcome this problem PPB can enter into Indian Market with the indirect exporting strategy which helps in reducing investment. Along with this, in this strategy, there is no need to develop an export department, and organization can work through independent intermediaries so, sales force have enough experience to handle Indian customers which provide advantages to increase revenue of flour products for the organization. Afterward, Company can decide to handle their export department or subsidiary branch which will improve management of sales, distribution, warehouse, promotion and customer service (Lohrke, et.al, 2015). Therefore, the indirect export strategy will play important role in understanding the Indian market by which company can develop an appropriate strategy to start direct exporting or manufacturing activities. Along with this, Kotler, et.al, 2015 has concluded that Licensing, joint venture, and direct investment are appropriate ways to enter into a foreign market (Kotler, et.al, 2015). PPB Company can use licensing and joint venture which will enable company to avoid export barriers, tariffs, quotas, etc. In which, contract manufacturing is the best option, and as per this strategy PPB can develop a industrial contract with a subcontractor or local manufacturer that offer a chance to start business operations in a faster manner with less amount of risk. Overall, above discussed strategies will help PPB in managing challenges at the time of entering into Indian Market. Multinational marketing information system (MMIS) to marketing management Multinational Marketing Information system (MMIS) can define as a computer system which integrates with the other functional information system to resolve different problems relevant to management activities of the company. It includes different components such as marketing intelligence system, formal marketing research system, product, place, pricing subsystem and integrated mix subsystems, etc. It can be used by PPB for determining needs and requirements of Indian customers by which company can formulate the marketing mix and provide appropriate flour product to Indian customers (Meyer and Peng, 2016). Along with this, it is used by the organization for managing order, analysis of the market, determining price of products and developing appropriate strategies for improving marketing performance in the foreign market, etc. It is beneficial for PPB to gain a competitive advantage in the Indian market. It also provides flexibility to responding against competitors in foreign countries and markets. It helps in maintaining information of every customer and reduce the total cost of operation. MMIS develops a strong association with customers. So, all are the major benefits of MMIS and due to this PPB should use this system for managing marketing operations at international level (Richter, et.al, 2015). Factors that may influence pricing decision The price of the flour product is one of the major factors which can affect the purchase decision of Indian customers. So, PPB needs to focus on pricing decision at the time of entering in this BEM. There are numbers of external factors which may influence the pricing decisions of the organization, so PPB needs to pay attention towards these factors at the time of making the pricing decision. Major objectives of pricing decisions are to increase growth and market share of the organization and manage expenses with the immediate profits. Along with this, an appropriate return on investment is also a major objective of PPB behind the pricing decision (Bhasin, 2016). Pricing decision is one of the imperative element of the marketing mix of PPB which can be easily controlled by the organization. For effective pricing decisions organization needs to integrate this element of marketing mix with the other remaining elements of international marketing mix. This decision is based on goals and objectives of the company, characteristics of Indian customers, and level of competition and different phases of flour product life cycle. Figure 1: Factors that can influence pricing decisions of PPB in Indian market The cost of manufacturing, transportation, tariffs, handling charges and fees, market destinations, distribution strategy and marketing of flour products are major factors which may influence pricing decisions. On the other hand, PPB needs to pay attention towards different internal factors such as productivity of the manufacturing units of PPB. By the production, capacity organization can price their products and services (Sylvestre, 2010). High productivity leads low cost which can provide an opportunity to earn the profit by charging suitable price. But, in the case of low productivity organization needs to make necessary technical changes in manufacturing facilities which lead high cost. Due to this reason, PPB cannot charge the high price for their flour products. So, at the time of making pricing decisions, the organization needs to pay attention towards these internal factors also. PPB can control these internal factors, but there are number of external factors which cannot co ntrolled by this organization such as tariff charges and excise duties, etc. So, the company needs to monitor the external environment of the Indian market before making final pricing decisions. This decision is based on the cost of flour products and there are number of fiscal and monetary policies which may affect the cost of the products, and services of the organizations. Along with this, exchange rate and interest rate are also important factor which needs to be considered by PPB. Along with this, marketing is one of the major activity for attracting customers in the foreign market (Carraher and Paridon, 2015). The cost of marketing may influence the price decisions, so for reducing marketing cost, PPB needs to use social media marketing which is an appropriate communication channel with low cost. Mode of transportation may influence the total cost of the flour products so; the organization needs to include the conveyance cost at the time of pricing decisions making process. Increasing profitability of PPB is one of the major objectives behind this global expansion of the business. So organization needs to set the price by appropriate return on investment. Including this, the company needs to decide the price at a precise level that insures to generate appropriate sales revenue to cover production and marketing cost of flour product. Therefore, pricing decision should focus on cash inflow and outflow of the organization (McDonald, 2016). Therefore, all the above-discussed factors need to be considered by PPB at the time of making pricing decision in the international market. For taking pricing decisions PPB can use different pricing tactics such as skimming strategies, penetration pricing, and geographic pricing, etc. But, PPB wants to introduce flour product so the company can use penetration pricing because it will be the strategy for attracting large number of customers in Indian market. In this BEM organization will face high competition from existing food production firms (Dinnie, 2015). So, for reducing the level of competition and increasing the total sales revenue, the company needs to charge the low price at the time of starting a business. The low price will lead increment in demand of the products and services which will help in increasing the total profitability of the organization. Therefore, market penetration is one of the best pricing strategy at the time of entering into the Indian market. Integrated marketing communications strategy Morschett, Schramm-Klein and, Zones, 2015 has defined that Integrated marketing communication (IMC) can define as a strategy which helps in expansion of the traditional and modern ways to communication to convey a single message to all stakeholders of the organization (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zones, 2015). As per this statement PPB can integrate a number of promotional channels to communicate the appropriate message to all customers about the flour products of the organization. On the other hand, Rana and Sharma, 2015 has concluded that IMC is known as an approach for attaining marketing objectives of the organization by coordinating different promotional methods (Rana and Sharma, 2015). According to this, PPB can integrate different methods of marketing such as public relations, personal selling, sales promotion, digital marketing, traditional marketing and social media marketing to get maximum communication impact on stakeholders in BEM, India. But, using integrated marketing communication technique is not an easy task for PPB because there are some specific numbers of difficulties and problems which may affect the communication process of the company in the international market. For instance, Lack of knowledge and experience of marketing manager of PPB about the advertising channels is a major difficulty in international market (Sinatra, Singh and von Krogh, 2016). Due to this problem message may not reach to the target audience which can reduce the level of awareness of customers about the flour products. All these have direct negative impact of sales, market share and profitability of PPB in the international market. IMC require a proper encoding of message as per the level of sophistication of target customers of Indian market. If target audience will face problem in understanding message of PPB than it is also considered as major problem for integrated marketing management of the company. Lack of knowledge about the customers culture is the barrier for integrated communication strategy (Martin, 2015). Including this, the high requirement of effective advertising is a major difficulty for integrated communication strategy of PPB. For instance, there are some religious rules and regulations due to this reason Beer and wine manufacturers cannot advertise and sale their products in Muslim countries. Similarly, religion and culture have direct impact on communications strategy of PPB. So, for resolving all these issues organization needs to use global communication strategies (Riasi, 2015). For instance PPB should use the single message for entire globe with the different language, name, and colors. Therefore, the company can use the different language for the same message as per the needs and requirements of customers. So, PPB should use the same information which is for Malaysian customers, but the company needs to encode this message in the Hindi language because Indian customers follow the Hindi language. Along with this PPB can adapt the same theme for the entire globe but needs to pay attention towards the basic rules and regulations of the local market. For food products company can also use the celebrity marketing in which company can choose the general superstar of the Bollywood (Wagner and Eggert, 2016). It will assist in attracting customers. Including this, the company can also use digital marketing such as email marketing and social media marketing which will help in increasing customer to customer communication as well as these strategies are effective in targeting mass clients in less time. So, these are also important communication channels which can be used by PPB in IMC. Therefore, all the above-discussed strategies will help PPB in resolving differences and difficulties in integrated international marketing communication (PPB Group, 2016). Challenges in the branding process The brand is not just a sign, a name, a symbol, and a logo but an identity of the company and it is difficult for an organization to develop the brand name or reputation. It helps in earning customer loyalty which plays important role in gaining high market share in the long run. But, the number of challenges are linked with this branding process which may affect the reputation of the organization. A strong brand equality is beneficial for greater loyalty, larger margins, no changes in sales in case of changes in the price of products, etc. (Global Branding: Issues and Challenges, 2013). Packaging and labeling are important part of branding process. Inappropriate packaging and labeling may affect the brand name and reputation of the organization. So, for managing this challenge PPB needs to focus on the eco-packaging of the flour products which will help in reducing the negative effect of packaging on the environment as well as also help in the sustainable development of the organiza tion. Including this, in the case of food products organizations needs to give all information about the nutrition, serving size, etc. These labeling requirements also affect the branding process in positive and negative manner. So, PPB should follow all instruction of packaging and labelling which are preferred by the Indian government. Along with this, customers perception of the quality of new products and services of the foreign company is a major challenge for branding process of the company (Aaker, 2011). So, PPB organization needs to offer flour product to Indian customers as per their needs and requirements which will help in attracting them. Along with this, language and culture differences is also one of the major challenge which may create difficulty in translation of the brand name of PPB. So, for the new international market company needs to use the English language which is a Universal language and help Indian customers to understand the brand name of the company. Alon g with this, the understanding culture of Indian population is also one of the major challenge. Therefore, all these are known as a major challenge for branding process of PPB (Baker and Saren, 2016). For overcoming all the above-discussed challenges and making a strong brand image in the Indian market, PPB should use appropriate branding strategies. For developing a good brand image, PPB needs to make consistency in quality and performance in the international market. Along with this as per the changes in the clients taste and level of competition organization should pay attention towards the innovative practices with strong customer relations. This strategy will help in creating brand loyalty in customers eye. Emotional appeal is also one of the major ways to communicate the brand message to consumers. Regarding this, PPB can sue different communication channels such as television, newspapers, the internet, social media and magazines, etc. Including this, Organization needs to conduct research on customers culture which will also help in making brand strategies for flour product of PPB. Economic, legal and political condition vary from one country to another (Coviello, 2015). So , PPB should focus on advertising rules and regulations of Indian Market. Further, developing a strong distribution channel alliances in the Indian market is also one of the major requirements for developing a strong brand image. Therefore, using all these strategies PPB can overcome all the challenges and develop a strong brand name in the Indian market. Conclusion The current research project has concluded that PPB might face a number of challenges at the time of entering into the Indian market and these include cultural issue, rules, and regulations, unexpected cost, lack of international experience and changes in commercial laws and currency, etc. But, all these challenges can manage by taking appropriate strategies of market entry such as joint venture with the local manufacturer of food products. Afterward, research has concluded that MMIS is one of the operative systems for resolving global marketing issues. Along with this, pricing decision of PPB group can be influenced by different factors such as transportation cost, tariff charges, fees, documentations, etc. In addition; the report has found that lack of knowledge about the target audience, their culture and communication channel are major difficulties of marketing communication strategy. Social media marketing and other promotional channels can help in resolving these issues. Along with this, eco packaging, appropriate labeling, quality products and promotion are main strategies for developing a strong brand image of PPB in the Indian market. References Baker, M.J. and Saren, M., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Carraher, S.M. and Paridon, T.J., 2015. Entrepreneurship journal rankings across the discipline.Journal of Small Business Strategy,19(2), pp.89-98. Cornwell, T.B. and Kwak, D.H., 2015. Sponsorship-linked marketing: Introduction to topics.Journal of Sport Management,29(2), pp.133-136. Coviello, N., 2015. Re-thinking research on born globals.Journal of International Business Studies,46(1), pp.17-26. Dinnie, K., 2015.Nation branding: concepts, issues, practice. Routledge. Duan, L., Huang, J. and Shou, B., 2015. Pricing for local and global Wi-Fi markets.IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,14(5), pp.1056-1070. Gomes, E., Barnes, B.R. and Mahmood, T., 2016. A 22 year review of strategic alliance research in the leading management journals.International Business Review,25(1), pp.15-27. Hoppner, J.J. and Griffith, D.A., 2015. Looking back to move forward: a review of the evolution of research in international marketing channels.Journal of Retailing,91(4), pp.610-626. Johanson, J. and Mattsson, L.G., 2015. Internationalisation in industrial systemsa network approach. InKnowledge, Networks and Power(pp. 111-132). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Katsikeas, C.S., Morgan, N.A., Leonidou, L.C. and Hult, G.T.M., 2016. Assessing performance outcomes in marketing.Journal of Marketing,80(2), pp.1-20. Keegan, W.J. and Green, M.C., 2015.Global Marketing. Boston: Pearson. Kotler, P, et.al, 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lohrke, F.T, et.al, 2015. Top management international orientation and small business exporting performance: The moderating roles of export market industry factors.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(1), pp.13-24. Martin, C.R., 2015. Service Constructs as Foundations for Advertising Themes. InProceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 161-161). Springer International Publishing. Mazanec, J.A, et.al,2015. Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, pp.299-304. McDonald, M.A.L.C.O.L.M., 2016. 5 Strategic marketing planning.The marketing book, p.86. Meyer, K. and Peng, M., 2016.International business. Cengage Learning. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management. Springer. Rana, S. and Sharma, S., 2015. A literature review, classification and simple meta-analysis on the conceptual domain of international marketing: 1990-2012.Advances in International Marketing,25, pp.189-222. Riasi, A., 2015. Barriers to international supply chain management in Iranian flower industry.Management Science Letters,5(4), pp.363-368. Richter, N.F, et.al, 2015. European management research using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).European Management Journal,33(1), pp.1-3. Sinatra, A., Singh, H. and von Krogh, G., 2016.The Management of Corporate Acquisitions: International Perspectives. Springer. Wagner, S.M. and Eggert, A., 2016. Co-management of purchasing and marketing: Why, when and how?.Industrial Marketing Management,52, pp.27-36. Aaker, D., 2011. Five Challenges Facing Marketing. [Online]. Available through: https://hbr.org/2011/10/five-challenges-facing-marketi. [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Bhasin, H., 2016. 8 Advantages of Marketing Information Systems. [Online]. Available through: https://www.marketing91.com/customer-profitablity-analysis-2/ . [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Global Branding: Issues and Challenges. 2013. [Online]. Available through: https://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/89512248/global-branding-issues-challenges. [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. PPB Group. 2016. [Online]. Available through: https://www.ppbgroup.com/. [Accessed on 11 December 2016]. Sylvestre, C., 2010. Strategies For Entering Foreign Markets: Waterfall And Sprinkler. [Online]. Available through: https://tonraccommunications.blogspot.in/2010/07/strategies-for-entering-foreign-markets.html . [Accessed on 11 December 2016].

The Economy Of The Phillipines Essays - National Accounts

The Economy of the Phillipines Per Capita Income: Since I am the first person reporting, I would like to explain what per capita income means. The per capita income of a certain country is the GDP of that country divided by the total population. In the Phillipines the per capita income is approximately $700. When compared to the per capita income of the United States, which is about $22,000, it is easy to tell that the economy of the Phillipines is ver poor. GDP: Growth: 5.7% GDP= 82.8 % FROM AGRICULTURE: 17.1 IMPORTANT % FROM MANUFACTURING: 18.9 % FROM SERVICES: 39.2 MOST IMPORTANT % FROM GOVERNMENT: 7.9 Exports: Traditionally, the Phillipines has been primarily an exporter of raw materials and an importer of manufactured goods. This is the role that many third world countries play in the global economy. Electronic and automotive parts, along with garments are the leading merchandise exports of the country. However, the Phillipines also relies heavily on import inputs. The country also exports bananas, coconuts, copper, gold, lumber, pineapples and sugar. Imports: The Phillipines mostly imports manufactured goods. Certain items remain subject to import regulations such as narcotic drugs, firearems, ammunition, etc. Their chief imports include chemicals, machinery, and petroleum. Trading Partners: The Phillipines, like any other country, cannot produce everything that it needs. Instead, it relies heavily on foreign trade. Specialization in production allows for each nation to produce what it produces best, and to trade for products which it cannot produce as well (In case your teacher asks, this means that if you are better at one thing and I am better at another, rather than each of us trying to do both, we would each do what we are best at. Then, we would exchange what we had produced and both be better off than had we tried making both things on our own). It trades mainly with Japan and the United States. The Phillipines maintain high tariff rates and protective barriers on sensitive agricultural products. Major Economic Activities: The Phillipines has embarked on economic reforms and market liberalization measures in the past two years. As a result of this the Phillipines has started to show signs of recovery (FROM WHAT). Even though the unemployment rate is very high, it has dropped from 10.5% to 9.8%, a considerable move for a two year period. In the Phillipines, the minimum age for employment is 15. Their constitution prohibits forced labor. All workers have the right to join unions. The prices are generally determined by free market forces, with only a few exceptions. Conclusion: **IF THIS PROJECT IS ABOUT CAPITALISM AND FREE MARKETS** Although the Phillipines economy is weak, and the unemployment rate is high, the Phillipines is showing some signs of life. It has recently become a more open economy, allowing for more free trade and free market forces. As this process continues, trade with the Phillipines will increase, and eventually, a more capitalistic and successful economy will emerge.

How to Increase Your Happiness by Giving Gifts

How to Increase Your Happiness by Giving Gifts I saw a post on Facebook this week from a mom who is advocating that all families get inexpensive gifts for their children so that kids with less aren’t â€Å"heartbroken.† I’m no social economist, but I’m pretty sure if this mom got her way, it would not be good for the global economy. And, while I’m also not a huge fan of conspicuous consumption and I’d like to see everyone getting meaningful gifts for their children, something struck me as â€Å"off† about trying to protect poor children from the pain of seeing other children get big fancy gifts. Isn’t it more important that we all appreciate the value of the gifts we are given? And that we put care into the gifts we give? Studies have shown that giving gifts is a source of happiness even more than receiving them. As reported by Harvard-trained researcher Shawn Achor in his Success Magazine article, â€Å"How (And Why) To Give The Perfect Gift,† â€Å"people who are constantly giving to their families and friends are significantly happier than those who are not.† Regardless of the gift, says Achor, it’s the thoughtfulness that counts- not only for the receiver, but for the giver too. Increasing the anticipation and time put into gift choice and, when applicable, gift creation, gives more joy to the person giving! Even if the recipient doesn’t appreciate the gift as much as the giver desired, the giver has had weeks or months of joy leading up the moment of giving. That’s worth a lot. Choosing the Right Gift I’m in a leadership group where we throw birthday parties for every member of the group and purchase gifts for the birthday boy or girl. The process of choosing a gift is always enlightening. We want it to be something they’ll enjoy, that they wouldn’t get for themselves, and that they won’t throw in the corner and never use. We prefer not to default to Amazon gift cards since we want to show that thought was put into the gift- even if the person has been in our group for only a week! To jump start the process, we get a list from the recipient of things they would want, and we collaborate from there. Gifts have included energy healing sessions, movie popcorn machines, shirts and ties, cologne, and tickets to Disney World. Without fail, the gifts we give hit the mark and we all get to watch birthday person’s excitement when they discover what we’ve given them. When we know people well, it’s usually easy to choose a gift that will light them up, whether that’s something we make by hand, a computer-generated photo album, or an expensive electronic gadget (drone anyone?) I recently discovered the â€Å"subscription-box† option where you can give someone a monthly box of something they will love! In particular, BetterBox seems like a thoughtful choice: a service which delivers monthly boxes with themes like gratitude, creativity, better sleep, and paying it forward. What a great gift for someone who can use incentive for self-care or slowing down! If are close to someone, you’ll probably be able to find the perfect box subscription for them- and it will last all year! Creating Satisfaction There are all kinds of ways to make gift-giving satisfying and joy-inducing for everyone involved. Choosing a charity to give money too has become another popular, and fulfilling, option. One thing’s for sure: Throwing money at a last-minute gift won’t produce a lot of joy- while regardless of cost, a thoughtful gift will bring light to both the giver’s and the recipient’s lives. To the mom on Facebook, I say this: Instead of trying to limit the types of gifts other people give to their kids, how about starting a campaign for all of us to be thoughtful about our gifts, and to value thoughtfulness over price tag, no matter what our budget? Now that would be a cause I could support with gusto.

Business in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business in India - Essay Example In case of the urban areas, traffic congestion is common especially during peak hours (Gesteland & Gesteland, 2010, p. 23). Therefore, an American businessman should have enough endurance when dealing with Indian employees’ lack of punctuality, late deliveries, and issues regarding missed deadlines (pp. 24 – 25). Basically, becoming impatient with their lack of punctuality can only trigger misunderstanding between the business owner and the Indian counterpart. With regards to religion, an American businessman should know that on top of Hinduism, there are some Indians who are Buddhists, Christians, Muslims, and Sikhs (Fox, 2008, pp. 293 – 294). Since Muslims are forbidden to eat pork, an American businessman should avoid offering pork meat when going out for a lunch meeting with an Indian Muslim. The business behavior of Indians vary depending on their age, educational attainment, type of industry they belong to, knowledge about the business practices in the West, and specific region where they came from (Gesteland & Gesteland, 2010, p. 16). To avoid conflict with Indian employees, an American businessman should know that all Indians are different from one another depending on their cultural background. Therefore, the inability of an American businessman to modify his behavior and business approach when dealing with a potential business partner will lead to poor business operations respectively (Fox, 2008, p.

Walt Disney Hall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Walt Disney Hall - Essay Example Later that year after enough sourcing for resources, the construction took off again. What lead after that proved a disaster for the dedication of the Walt Disney himself. However, there was a complete turn of events where when the budget far exceeded the available resources. Nevertheless, there was a move to use cheaper material rather than using the originally planned bricks, but it later proved to be a blessing in disguise which prompted to the reputation of the Los Angeles’ marvel. This was because the stainless steel move was a better match for Ghery’s architectural plan for the hall. This move saw the completion of the project in the latter months of 2003. There were substantial costs accredited mainly to the parking garage itself which cost $110 million, escalating the total cost including the floors of the entire construction to $274 million. Materials and Description of Architectural and Construction Form Gehry adopts to his childhood experiences to make differ ent architectural designs for the building, using 12500 unique pieces of steel each having sole characteristics. He also uses a variety of standard bricks to go along the regular formed parts of the architectural design. For the main auditorium he uses a type of fir wood to make the floors, walls and the ceilings. This is the same type of wood used in making violas, making them appropriate for making the site for presenting such performances. For the restaurant he uses mostly clear glass to allow enough lighting to bring in the warm and accommodating qualities of a restaurant. Through this he tries to make the transition to psychological and imaginative effect on architecture. Ownership The Walt Disney Hall is primarily owned by the widowed Lillian Disney after her major contributions to the construction. Her contribution was later topped by another contributor to the construction, who was the Walt Disney Company. The company contributed about $25 million. Additionally, the Walt Dis ney family made private contributions to the project amounting to an estimated $85 million. This is evidence that the ownership of the Walt building is not well defined, but its stakeholders in shareholding comprises a number of private entities individuals and companies that made their contribution to the construction of the building. However, it is safe to stipulate that the primary owners are the Walt Disney Company, Lillian Disney and the entire Walt Disney family. According to Bell, the owners of the Walt hall are mainly business people and profit making organizations who have wanted to proceed with the dedication started by Lillian, and not just for the purpose of making profit. The building however has a variety of functions held at the venue, ranging from orchestral performances, musical performances, movies’ premiering featuring in many television series episodes and movie features. Much of the maintenance of the building is done with the proceeds from the sale of th e tickets of which usually, most of it goes to serve in the Walt Disney foundation. Functions of the Hall The Walt Hall first performance was held in 2003 during the acoustics, Daphnis and Chloe’s acoustic performance which set the way for other grand performances, performing the Sonic LA, Sound Stage and Living LA. This paved way for other prime performances to follow in the wake of a new concert hall for Los

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Essay Known as Netaji (leader), Mr. Bose was a fierce and popular leader in the political scene in pre-independence India . He was the president of the Indian National Congress in 1937 and 1939, and founded a nationalist force called the Indian National Army. He was acclaimed as a semigod, akin to the many mythological heroes like Rama or Krishna, and continues as a legend in Indian mind. Subhas Chandra was born on January 23rd 1897 in Cuttack (in present day Orissa) as the ninth child among fourteen, of Janakinath Bose, an advocate, and Prabhavatidevi, a pious and God-fearing lady. A brilliant student, he topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and passed his B. A. in Philosophy from the Presidency College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekanandas teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. His parents wishes kept him away from the Indian freedom struggle and led him into studies for the Indian Civil Service in England. Although he finished those examinations also at the top of his class (4th), he could not complete his aprecentship and returned to India, being deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre. He came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress (a. k. a. Congress). Gandhiji directed him to work with Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, the Bengali leader whom Bose acknowledged as his political guru. Bose was outspoken in his anti-British stance and was jailed 11 (eleven) times between 1920 and 1941 for periods varying between six months and three years. He was the leader of the youth wing of the Congress Party, in the forefront of the trade union movement in India and organized Service League, another wing of Congress. He was admired for his great skills in organization development . The Influence of Bose Bose advocated complete freedom for India at the earliest, whereas the Congress Committee wanted it in phases, through a Dominion status. Other younger leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru supported Bose and finally at the historic Lahore Congress convention, the Congress had to adopt Poorna Swaraj (complete freedom) as its motto. Bhagat Singhs martyrdom and the inability of the Congress leaders to save his life infuriated Bose and he started a movement opposing the Gandhi-Irvin Peace Pact. He was imprisoned and expelled from India. But defying the ban, he came back to India and was imprisoned again! Clouds of World War II were gathering fast and Bose warned the Indian people and the British against dragging India into the war and the material losses she could incur. He was elected president of the Indian National Congress twice in 1937 and in 1939, the second time defeating Gandhijis nominee. He brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand India over to the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt. There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he resigned from the post of president and formed a progressive group known as the Forward Block (1939). The second World War broke out in September of 1939, and just as predicted by Bose, India was declared as a warring state (on behalf of the British) by the Governor General, without consulting Indian leaders. The Congress party was in power in seven major states and all state governments resigned in protest. Subhas Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. To him, it made no sense to further bleed poor Indians for the sake of colonial and imperial nations. There was a tremendous response to his call and the British promptly imprisoned him . He took to a hunger-strike, and after his health deteriorated on the 11th day of fasting, he was freed and was placed under house arrest. The British were afraid of violent reactions in India, should something happen to Bose in prison. The Mystery Begins Bose suddenly disappeared in the beginning of 1941 and it was not until many days that authorities realized Bose was not inside the house they were guarding! He traveled by foot, car and train and resurfaced in Kabul (now in Afghanistan), only to disappear once again. In November 1941, his broadcast from German radio sent shock waves among the British and electrified the Indian masses who realized that their leader was working on a master plan to free their motherland. It also gave fresh confidence to the revolutionaries in India who were challenging the British in many ways. The Axis powers (mainly Germany) assured Bose military and other help to fight the British. Japan by this time had grown into another strong world power, occupying key colonies of Dutch, French, and British colonies in Asia. Bose had struck alliance with Germany and Japan. He rightly felt that his presence in the East would help his countrymen in freedom struggle and second phase of his saga began. It is told that he was last seen on land near Keil canal in Germany, in the beginning of 1943. A most hazardous journey was undertaken by him under water, covering thousands of miles, crossing enemy territories. He was in the Atlantic, the Middle East, Madagascar and the Indian ocean. Battles were being fought over land, in the air and there were mines in the sea. At one stage he traveled 400 miles in a rubber dinghy to reach a Japanese submarine, which took him to Tokyo. He was warmly received in Japan and was declared the head of the Indian army, which consisted of about 40,000 soldiers from Singapore and other eastern regions. Bose called it the Indian National Army (INA) and a government by the name Azad Hind Government was declared on the 21st of October 1943. INA freed the Andaman and Nicobar islands from the British, and were renamed as Swaraj and Shaheed islands. The Government started functioning. Leader of Masses and the Military  Bose in INA Uniform 1943 Early Success and Tragic End Bose wanted to free India from the Eastern front. He had taken care that Japanese interference was not present from any angle. Army leadership, administration and communications were managed only by Indians. Subhash Brigade, Azad Brigade and Gandhi Brigade were formed. INA marched through Burma and occupied Coxtown on the Indian Border. A touching scene ensued when the solders entered their free motherland. Some lay down and kissed, some placed pieces of mother earth on their heads, others wept. They were now inside of India and were determined to drive out the British! Delhi Chalo (Lets march to Delhi) was the war cry. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki changed the history of mankind. Japan had to surrender. Bose was in Singapore at that time and decided to go to Tokyo for his next course of action. Unfortunately, the plane he boarded crashed near Taipei and he died in the hospital of severe burns. He was just 48. The Indian people were so much enamored of Boses oratory and leadership qualities, fealressness and mysterious adventures, that he had become a legend. They refused to believe that he died in the plane crash. The famous Red Fort trial wherein Boses generals and the INA officers were tried, became landmark events. Initially, the British Government thought of a court-martial, but there was a countrywide protest against any kind of punishment. For common Indians, Axis and Allied powers hardly mattered, but they could not tolerate punishment of fellow countrymen who were fighting for freedom. The British Government was in no position to face open rebellion or mutiny and a general amnesty for INA soldiers was declared. While Boses approach to Indian freedom continues to generate heated debate in the Indian society today, there is no denying of his burning patriotism, his tireless efforts to free India from inside and outside and his reckless adventures in trying to reach his goals. His exploits later became a legend due to the many stories carried by the disbanded INA soldiers who came from every nook and corner of our great country. Had he lived, Subhas Chandra Bose could have given a new turn to Independent Indias political history. But he lives on eternally in the Indian mind, more famous after his death.